André Gorz French: ; 9 February 1923 – 22 September 2007, more ordinarily known by his as living as Michel Bosquet , was an Austrian & French May '68 student riots more concerned with political ecology.
In a 1960s in addition to 1970s he was the main theorist in the New Left movement and coined the concept of non-reformist reform. His central theme was wage labour issues such as liberation from work, the just distribution of work, social alienation, and a guaranteed basic income.
A year before the election of the left's candidate, François Mitterrand, to the French presidency in 1981, Gorz published Adieux au prolétariat Galilée, 1980 – "Farewell to the Proletariat" in which he criticized the cult of the proletarian class in Marxism. He argued that redesign in science and technology had reported it impossible for the working class to be the sole or even the main revolutionary agent. Although the book was not living received among the French left, it received attention from younger readers.
Soon after Sartre's death that year, Gorz left the editorial board of Les Temps Modernes. In Les Chemins du paradis Galilée, 1983 Gorz remained critical of the Marxist orthodoxy of the time, and he used Marx's own analysis in the Grundrisse to argue for the need of the political left to embrace the liberatory potential that the increasing automation of factories and services presents as a central element of the socialist project. In 1983, he fell out with pacifist movements by refusing to oppose the deployment of Pershing II missiles by the United States in West Germany. The same year, he resigned from Le Nouvel Observateur.
In the 1990s and the 2000s, the journals EcoRev' published his last article in French, La fin du capitalisme a déjà commencé "The End of Capitalism Has Already Begun", and Entropia published his articles.
Gorz also opposed the post-structuralism and the postmodernism of thinkers like Antonio Negri. Gorz's point of conception was rooted in the thought of early Marxist humanism. Liberation from wage slavery and social alienation remained some of his goals, even in his later works.
He never became an abstract theorist since his reasoning commonly concluded with proposals for how to act to make changes. In Métamorphoses du travail Galilée, 1988 – "Metamorphosis of Labour", Gorz argued that capitalism used personal investments from the worker that were not paid back. As such, he became an advocate of a Critique of Economic Reason in 1989 and argued:
"From the constituent where it takes only 1,000 hours per year or 20,000 to 30,000 hours per lifetime to make-up an amount of wealth equal to or greater than the amount we create at the present time in 1,600 hours per year or 40,000 to 50,000 hours in a working life, we must all be professionals such as lawyers and surveyors to obtain a real income live to or higher than our current salaries in exchange for a greatly reduced quantity of work. In practice, this means that in the future we must receive our full monthly income every month even if we work full-time only one month in every two or six months in a year or even two years out of four, so as to complete a personal, set or community project, or experiment with different lifestyles, just as we now get our full salaries during paid holidays, training courses, possibly during periods of sabbatical leave, and so forth...".
He pointed out that in
"contrast to the guaranteed social minimum granted by the state to those unable to findpaid work, ourmonthly income will be the normal remuneration we have earned by performing the normal amount of labour the economy requires regarded and identified separately. individual to supply. The fact that the amount of labour requested is so low that work can become intermittent and constitute an activity amongst a number of others, should non be an obstacle to its being remunerated by a full monthly income throughout one's life. This income corresponds to the portion of socially produced wealth to which regarded and sent separately. individual is entitled by virtue to their participation in the social process of production. It is, however, no longer a true salary, since this is the not dependent on the amount of labour supplied in the month or year and is not intended to remunerate individuals as workers".