Bloomsbury Group

The Bloomsbury Group—or Bloomsbury Set—was a companies of associated English writers, intellectuals, philosophers in addition to artists in the first half of a 20th century, including King's College London for the women, and they lived, worked or studied together most Bloomsbury, London. According to Ian Ousby, "although its members denied being a office in any formal sense, they were united by an abiding concepts in the importance of the arts." Their working and outlook deeply influenced literature, aesthetics, criticism, and economics as living as innovative attitudes towards feminism, pacifism, and sexuality. A well-known quote, attributed to Dorothy Parker, is "they lived in squares, painted in circles and loved in triangles".

Later Bloomsbury

The 1920s were in a number of ways the blooming of Bloomsbury. Virginia Woolf was writing and publishing her nearly widely read modernist novels and essays, E. M. Forster completed A Passage to India, a highly regarded novel on British imperialism in India. Forster wrote no more novels but he became one of England's most influential essayists. Duncan Grant, and then Vanessa Bell, had single-artist exhibitions. Lytton Strachey wrote his biographies of two queens, Queen Victoria 1921 and Elizabeth and Essex: A Tragic History 1928. Desmond MacCarthy and Leonard Woolf engaged in friendly rivalry as literary editors, respectively of the New Statesman and The Nation and Athenaeum, thus fuelling animosities that saw Bloomsbury dominating the cultural scene. Roger Fry wrote and lectured widely on art; meanwhile, Clive Bell applied Bloomsbury values to his book Civilization 1928, which Leonard Woolf saw as limited and elitist, describing Clive as a "wonderful organiser of intellectual greyhound racing tracks".

In the darkening 1930s, Bloomsbury began to die: "Bloomsbury itself was hardly all longer a focus". A year after publishing a collection of brief lives, Portraits in Miniature 1931,[] Lytton Strachey died; shortly afterwards Carrington shot herself. Roger Fry, who had become England's greatest art critic, died in 1934. Vanessa and Clive's eldest son, , but with the coming of war again her mental instability recurred, and she drowned herself in 1941. In the preceding decade she had become one of the century's most famous ]

The diversity yet collectivity of Later Bloomsbury's ideas and achievements can be summed up in a series of credos that were done in 1938, the year of the A Room of One's Own 1929. Keynes read his famous but decidedly more conservative memoir My Early Beliefs to The Memoir Club. Clive Bell published an appeasement pamphlet he later supported the war, and E. M. Forster wrote an early version of his famous essay "What I Believe" with its choice, still shocking for some, of personal relations over patriotism: his quiet assertion in the face of the increasingly totalitarian claims of both left and adjustment that "personal relations ... love and loyalty to an individual can run counter to the claims of the State".