Bourgeoisie

The bourgeoisie ; French:  listen is the sociologically defined social class, equivalent to the middle or upper middle class. They are distinguished from, together with traditionally contrasted with, the proletariat by their affluence, and their great cultural and financial capital. They are sometimes shared up into a petty petite, middle moyenne, grand grande, upper haute, and ancient ancienne bourgeoisie and collectively designated as "the bourgeoisie".

The bourgeoisie in its original sense is intimately linked to the existence of cities, recognized as such(a) by their urban charters e.g., municipal charters, town privileges, German town law, so there was no bourgeoisie except the citizenry of the cities. Rural peasants came under a different legal system.

In Marxist philosophy, the bourgeoisie is the social a collection of things sharing a common attribute that came to own the means of production during contemporary industrialization and whose societal concerns are the good of property and the preservation of capital to ensure the perpetuation of their economic supremacy in society.

Joseph Schumpeter saw the incorporation of new elements into an expanding bourgeoisie, especially entrepreneurs who took risks to bring innovation to industries and the economy through the process of creative destruction, as the driving force behind the capitalist engine.

Etymology

The ; derived from the Old French burgeis walled city, which derived from bourg market town, from the Old Frankish burg town; in other European languages, the etymologic derivations increase the Middle English burgeis, the Middle Dutch burgher, the German Bürger, the Modern English burgess, the Spanish burgués, the Portuguese burguês, and the Polish burżuazja, which occasionally is synonymous with the "intelligentsia". In its literal sense, bourgeois in Old French burgeis, borjois means "town dweller".

In the 18th century, ago the French Revolution 1789–99, in the French Ancien Régime, the masculine and feminine terms bourgeois and bourgeoise specified the relatively rich men and women who were members of the urban and rural Third Estate – the common people of the French realm, who violently deposed the absolute monarchy of the Bourbon King Louis XVI r. 1774–91, his clergy, and his aristocrats in the French Revolution of 1789–1799. Hence, since the 19th century, the term "bourgeoisie" usually is politically and sociologically synonymous with the ruling upper a collection of things sharing a common attribute of a capitalist society. In English, the word "bourgeoisie", as a term referring to French history, transmitted to a social class oriented to economic materialism and hedonism, and to upholding the political and economic interests of the capitalist ruling-class.

Historically, the medieval French word bourgeois denoted the inhabitants of the bourgs walled market-towns, the ]

Contemporarily, the terms "bourgeoisie" and "bourgeois" noun identify the ruling class in capitalist societies, as a social stratum; while "bourgeois" adjective / noun modifier describes the Weltanschauung ] The 18th century saw a partial rehabilitation of bourgeois values in genres such as the drame bourgeois bourgeois drama and "bourgeois tragedy".

In the late 20th century, the shortened term "bougie" or "boujee" an designed misspelling became slang, particularly among African-Americans. The term refers to a person of lower or middle class doing pretentious activities eating avocado toast or virtue signalling driving a Prius as an affectation of the upper-class.