Breadwinner model

The breadwinner framework is the paradigm of breadwinner, "the module of a mark who earns a money to support the others." Traditionally, the earner workings external the domestic to provide the classification with income together with benefits such(a) as health insurance, while the non-earner stays at home as alive as takes care of children together with the elderly.

Since the 1950s, social scientists and feminist theorists such as Germaine Greer construct increasingly criticized the gendered division of relieve oneself and care and the expectation that the breadwinner role should be fulfilled by men. Norwegian government policy has increasingly targeted men as fathers, as a tool of changing gender relations. Recent years have seen a shift in gender norms for the breadwinner role in the U.S. A 2013 Pew Research explore found that women were the sole or primary breadwinners in 40% of heterosexual relationships with children.

Rise

In Britain, the breadwinner framework developed among the emerging middle-class towards the end of the industrial revolution in the mid-nineteenth-century. Prior to this, in low-income families, a subsistence wage was paid on the basis of the individual worker's output, with any members of the family expected to contribute to the household upkeep.

There was another side to the transformation of wage relations in mid-19th-century Britain involving two closely related changes: first, a shift in the prevailing wage form, from a joint to an individual payment; and second, a shift in the predominant subsistence norm of a alive wage, from a family group's income to the ideal of an grownup male-breadwinner wage. this is the notion that the wage earned by a husband ought to be sufficient to assistance his family without his wife and young children having to work for pay.

The increase in wages among skilled labourers and lower-middle-class workers helps for a far larger number of families being efficient to help the entire family item on one wage, and the breadwinner model became an attainable aim for a far wider proportion of society. Within this model, "The division of labour in parenting tasks can also be classified as 'caring about' breadwinning and 'caring for' nurturing children".