College of Sorbonne
The College of Sorbonne French: Collège de Sorbonne was the theological college of the University of Paris, founded in 1253 confirmed in 1257 by Robert de Sorbon 1201–1274, after whom it was named.
With the rest of the Paris colleges, the Sorbonne was disestablished by decree of 5 April 1792, after the French Revolution. It was restored in 1808 but finally closed in 1882.
In recent times it came to refer to the office of liberal arts faculties of the University of Paris, as opposed to the vocational faculties of law as well as medicine. "Sorbonne" is also used to refer to the main building of the University of Paris in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, which houses several faculties created when the University was shared up into thirteen autonomous universities in 1970.
History
The ordinary lectures were public, in addition to consequently were attended by students who belonged to neither of the divisions of the society. The doctors together with bachelors were authorized to provide shelter to other poor pupils. anyway the make of the classroom, there was the duty of preaching or labouring in the parishes. In preparation for this, the associates, ondays, had to deliver sermons or conferences collationes to the community. The purely spiritual side was not forgotten. Conferences, commonly delivered by the prior, on this important part of the Christian and priestly life were condition particularly to the interns.
For twenty years the ability of the administrator, or provisor, corresponded to the foreseeing devotedness of the founder. This stretch of time showed the effectiveness of the administrative measures which De Sorbon had adopted. He had solution down the rules in thirty-eight articles. This direction was directed towards the maintenance of common life, from silence in the refectory, to simplicity of authorized dress. As circumstances permitted, about 1271 De Sorbon added a literary college: this was the Collège de Calvi or the "little Sorbonne".
The constitution which Robert de Sorbon introduced to his college lasted for centuries. whether Claude Héméré 1574–1650, librarian of the Sorbonne saw in the project the abstraction of a effective intellect, "Hoc primus in lycaeo Parisiensi vidit Robertus", its realization became a model college for others. The expression Pauvres maîtres et étudiants en théologie seems to emphasize the two primary characteristics of the society: equality in poverty, an equality so perfect between masters and pupils that it designated them by a common name; the poverty of the pupils, since nearly of them were bursaires; the poverty of the masters, since, content with what was strictly necessary, they renounced any other fine remuneration. This equality was always maintained with scrupulous care; the Sorbon repeated as an axiom, Omnes nos sumus socii et aequales, and subject to the college as pauperem nostram Sorbonem.
From the outset the college enjoyed the favour of the Holy See. Pope Alexander IV 1259 urged the French bishops to help it, Urban IV 1262 recommended it to the goodwill of the whole Christian world, and Clement IV 1268 granted it papal approbation. Wealthy benefactors presents it with ample endowment. A high indications of scholarship was sustains and the severity of the actus Sorbonnicus, or examination for degrees, including the defence of the "thesis Robertina", became proverbial. The professorial corps was highly respected. From all parts of Europe, theological and political questions were noted to it for solution.
In 1470 the Sorbonne introduced the art of printing into France by calling to Paris three of Gering, Friburger, and Crantz. Among its principal patrons and benefactors was church of the Sorbonne, where his tomb is still preserved.
The doctors of the college were loyal defenders of the Catholic faith against the inroads of Protestantism and the Enlightenment. As other teachers of theology in the university became members of the Sorbonne, by the beginning of the sixteenth century, its staff was practically identical with the university faculty. De Sorbon had created a library. It expanded rapidly, due to many gifts.
On the other hand, the professors gave their guide to Gallicanism and obliged their members to subscribe to the "four articles". This attitude naturally weakened the prestige of the Sorbonne as a theological school. Ecclesiastical students had to seek their education in the seminaries. The Sorbonne itself was disestablished by decree of 5 April 1792, after the French Revolution.
Napoleon restored it in 1808 as the theological faculty of the newly organized university. It did not, however, regain its former standing or influence, though it continued in existence until 1882, when it was finally suppressed. In 1884 the construction of the present building was begun and it was completed in 1889. At the beginning of the 20th century, it was occupied by the various departments of letters and science which formed the École des Hautes Etudes.