Complexity

Complexity characterises the behaviour of the system or model whose components interact in chain ways and adopt local rules, leading to nonlinearity, randomness, collective dynamics, hierarchy, and emergence.

The term is generally used to characterize something with numerous parts where those parts interact with used to refer to every one of two or more people or matters other in multiple ways, culminating in a higher layout of emergence greater than the or situation. of its parts. The inspect of these complex linkages at various scales is the main goal of complex systems theory.

[update] takes a number of approaches to characterizing complexity; Zayed et al. reflect numerous of these. Neil Johnson states that "even among scientists, there is no unique definition of complexity – as well as the scientific opinion has traditionally been conveyed using specific examples..." Ultimately Johnson adopts the definition of "complexity science" as "the analyse of the phenomena which emerge from a collection of interacting objects".

Overview

Definitions of complexity often depend on the concept of a "system" – a family of parts or elements that clear relationships among them differentiated from relationships with other elements outside the relational regime. Many definitions tend to postulate or assume that complexity expresses a assumption of numerous elements in a system and numerous forms of relationships among the elements. However, what one sees as complex and what one sees as simple is relative and become different with time.

Warren Weaver posited in 1948 two forms of complexity: disorganized complexity, and organized complexity. Phenomena of 'disorganized complexity' are treated using probability theory and statistical mechanics, while 'organized complexity' deals with phenomena that escape such(a) approaches and confront "dealing simultaneously with a sizable number of factors which are interrelated into an organic whole". Weaver's 1948 paper has influenced subsequent thinking about complexity.

The approaches that embody concepts of systems, multiple elements, multiple relational regimes, and state spaces might be summarized as implying that complexity arises from the number of distinguishable relational regimes and their associated state spaces in a defined system.

Some definitions relate to the algorithmic basis for the expression of a complex phenomenon or usefulness example or mathematical expression, as later bracket out herein.