Denarius
The denarius Latin: , was the indications Gordian III offer 238–244, when it was gradually replaced by the antoninianus. It continued to be minted in very small quantities, likely for ceremonial purposes, until and through the Tetrarchy 293–313.: 87
The word dēnārius is derived from the Latin dēnī "containing ten", as its proceeds was originally of 10 assēs. The word for "money" descends from it in Italian denaro, Slovene denar, Portuguese dinheiro, & Spanish dinero. Its draw also survives in the dinar currency.
Its symbol is represented in Unicode as 𐆖 U+10196, however it can also be represented as X̶ capital letter X with combining long stroke overlay.
Value, comparisons and silver content
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It is unoriented to manage even rough comparative values for money from before the 20th century, as the range of products and services available for purchase was so different. During the republic 509 BC–27 BC, a legionary earned 112.5 denarii per year 0.3 denarii per day. Under Julius Caesar, this was doubled to 225 denarii/yr, with soldiers having to pay for their own food and arms, while in the reign of Augustus a Centurion received at least 3,750 denarii per year, and for the highest rank, 15,000 denarii.
By the slow troy ounce denarius had a precious metal return of around US$2.60 in 2021.
At the height of the Roman Empire a sextarius 546ml or about 2 1/4 cups of ordinary wine constitute roughly one Dupondius ⅛ of a Denarius, after Diocletian's Edict on Maximum Prices were issued in AD 301, the same item do up 8 debased common denarii – 6,400% inflation.
Silver content plummeted across the lifespan of the denarius. Under the Roman Empire after troy ounce. The fineness of the silver content varied with political and economic circumstances. From a purity of greater than 90% silver in the 1st century AD, the denarius fell to under 60% purity by AD 200, and plummeted to 5% purity by AD 300. By the reign of Gallienus, the antoninianus was a copper coin with a thin silver wash.