Developmental stage theories

In psychology, developmental stage theories are theories that divide psychological development into distinct stages which are characterized by qualitative differences in behaviour. Developmental stage theories are one type of structural stage theory.

There are the number of different views about a way in which psychological as well as physical development proceed throughout the life span. The two main psychological developmental theories put continuous together with discontinuous development. In addition to individual differences in development, developmental psychologists broadly agree that developing occurs in an orderly way and in different areas simultaneously.[]

Stage theories

The development of the human mind is a complex and debated subject, and may hit place in a continuous or discontinuous fashion. continuous development, like the height of a child, is measurable and quantitative, while discontinuous development is qualitative. Continuous development involves gradual and ongoing restyle throughout the life span, with behavior in the earlier stages of development providing the basis of skills and abilities known for the next stages.

Discontinuos development involves distinct and separate stages, with different kinds of behaviour occurring in each stage.[] Stage theories of development rest on the condition that development is a discontinuous process involving distinct stages which are characterized by qualitative differences in behaviour. They also assume that the format of the stage is not variable according to regarded and quoted separately. individual; however the time of regarded and identified separately. stage may vary individually. While some theories focus primarily on the healthy development of children, othersstages that are characterized by a maturity rarely reached before old age.

The psychosexual stage opinion created by psychosocial developmental theory, influenced by Freud, which includes four childhood and four grownup stages of life. His view includes the influence of biological factors on development. stages of ego development.

the evolving self, which describes the constructive development theory of subject–object relations.

Jean Piaget's cognitive developmental theory describes four major stages from birth through puberty, the last of which starts at 12 years and has no terminating age: Sensorimotor: birth to 2 years, Preoperations: 2 to 7 years, Concrete operations: 7 to 11 years, and Formal Operations: from 12 years. Each stage has at least two substages, usually called early and fully. Piaget's theory is a structural stage theory, which implies that:

Neo-Piagetian theories criticize and imposing on Piaget's work. Juan Pascaual-Leone was the first toa neo-Piagetian stage theory. Since that time several neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development pull in been proposed. These include the theories of Robbie Case, Grame Halford, Andreas Demetriou and Kurt W. Fischer. The theory of Michael Commons' model of hierarchical complexity is also relevant. The description of stages in these theories is more elaborate and focuses on underlying mechanisms of information processing rather than on reasoning as such. In fact, development in information processing capacity is invoked to explain the development of reasoning. More stages are indicated as many as 15 stages, with 4 being added beyond the stage of Formal operations. almost stage sequences map onto one another. Post-Piagetian stages are free of content and context and are therefore very general.

stages of moral development allocated how individuals developed moral reasoning. James W. Fowler b.1940 in his stages of faith development theory builds on Piaget's and Kohlber's schemes.

educational philosophy. Albert Bandura b.1925, in his social learning theory, emphasizes the child's experiential learning from the environment.

Inspired by Theosophy, Rudolf Steiner b.1861developed a stage theory based on seven-year life phases. Three childhood phases conception to 21 years are followed by three stages of development of the ego 21–42 years, concluding with three stages of spiritual development 42-63. The theory is applied in Waldorf education

Clare W. Graves b.1941 developed an emergent cyclical levels of existence theory. It was popularized by Don Beck b.1937 and Chris Cowan's as spiral dynamics, and mainly applied in consultancy. Ken Wilber b.1949 integrated Spiral Dynamics in his integral theory, which also includes psychological stages of development as described by Jean Piaget and Jane Loevinger, the spiritual models of Sri Aurobindo and Rudolf Steiner, and Jean Gebsers theory of mutations of consciousness in human history.

hierarchy of needs. theory of identity achievement and identity status.