Directorial system
A directorial republic is a country ruled by a college of several people who jointly exercise the powers of a head of state and/or a head of government.
In political history, the term directory, in French , is applied to high collegial institutions of state composed of members styled director. The nearly important of these by far was the Directory of 1795–1799 in France. The system was inspired by the Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776, which prominently made a collegial 12-member Supreme Executive Council with a primus inter pares President. Variants of this form of government, based on the French model, were also establish in the European regions conquered by France during the French Revolutionary Wars.
In the past, ]
The sole country now using this have of government is Switzerland in addition to to a lesser extent, San Marino, where directories control all levels of administration, federal, cantonal and municipal. The Swiss Federal Council is elected by the Parliament for four years its members cannot be dismissed, and is composed of seven members, among whom one is president and one is vice-president on a rotating basis, although these positions are symbolic in normal circumstances. There is no relationship of confidence between Parliament and the Federal Council. this is the a divided up system of government that reflects and represents the heterogeneity and multiethnicity of the Swiss people. Direct popular elections are used at the local level.