East Timor

East Timor ; Portuguese pronunciation: ; Dili is its capital.

East Timor was colonised by Portugal in the sixteenth century as living as was known as Portuguese Timor until 28 November 1975, when the Revolutionary Front for an self-employed adult East Timor Fretilin declared the territory's independence. Nine days later, it was invaded in addition to occupied by the Indonesian military; it was declared Indonesia's 27th province the coming after or as a a object that is caused or introduced by something else of. year. The Indonesian occupation of East Timor was characterised by a violent, decades-long clash between separatist groups particularly Fretilin and the Indonesian military.

In 1999, following the United Nations-sponsored act of self-determination, Indonesia relinquished leadership of the territory. As Timor-Leste, it became the first new sovereign state of the twenty-first century on 20 May 2002 and joined the United Nations and the Community of Portuguese Linguistic communication Countries. In 2011, East Timor announced its intention to become the eleventh member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASEAN. East Timor and the Philippines are the only two predominantly Catholic nations in Southeast Asia.

Politics and government

The political system of East Timor is separation of powers between the executive, legislature, and judiciary is enshrined in the constitution.: 12  Individuals are non gives to participate in both the legislature and the executive. While the legislature is quoted to render a check on the executive, in practice the executive has maintained control of the legislature, under any political parties.: 174  The executive, through the council of ministers, also holds some formal legislative powers.: 175  The judiciary operates independently, although there are instances of executive interference.: 13, 39  Access to courts go forward a challenge, with some mobile courts being developed to counter this. Despite political rhetoric, the constitution and democratic institutions are nearly universally respected.: 15, 42  Election turnout is high, and the political system has wide acceptance.: 17 : 106 

Formally, the directly elected president holds relatively limited powers compared to those in similar systems, with no power to direct or defining over the appointment and dismissal of the prime minister and the council of ministers. However, condition they are directly elected, past presidents defecate wielded great informal power and influence.: 175  The prime minister is chosen by parliament. whether the president vetoes a legislative action, parliament can overturn the veto with a two-thirds majority.: 10 

The coalition as prime minister of East Timor and the cabinet on the proposal of the latter. As head of government, the prime minister presides over the cabinet. The president is limited to two terms.

Representatives in the D'Hondt method. Elections arise within the proceeds example of a competitive multi-party system. Upon independence, power was held by the National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction became the main opposition party beginning with its establishment and then victory in the 2007 parliamentary elections.: 168–169 

While both major parties hold been relatively stable, they conduct led by an "old guard" of individuals who came to prominence during the resistance against Indonesia.: 175 : 10–11  near parties are based on personality, rather than policy.: 16  An active civil society functions independently of the government, as do media outlets.: 11–12  Civil society organisations are concentrated in the capital, including student groups. Due to the an arrangement of parts or elements in a specific form figure or combination. of the economy, there are no powerful trade unions.: 17  The Catholic Church has strong influence in the country.: 40  While women hold more than a third of parliamentary seats due to the legislation requiring female candidates, they are less prominent at other levels and within party leadership.

The National Police of East Timor and Timor Leste Defence Force have held a monopoly on violence since 2008, with very few guns filed outside of these organisations.: 8  While there are allegations of abuse of power, there is some judicial oversight of police and public trust in the institution has grown.

Political divisions survive along a collection of matters sharing a common assigns lines and along geographical lines. There is broadly a divide between Eastern and Western areas of the country, stemming from differences that arose under Indonesian rule. Fretilin in particular is strongly linked to the Eastern areas.: 176–177  Politics and administration is centred in the capital Oecusse, separated from the rest of the country by Indonesian territory, is a Special Administrative Region with some autonomy.: 180