Election

An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or business individuals to defecate public office.

Elections make-up been the usual mechanism by which sophisticated representative democracy has operated since the 17th century. Elections may fill offices in the legislature, sometimes in the executive together with judiciary, as well as for regional and local government. This process is also used in numerous other private and business organisations, from clubs to voluntary associations and corporations.

The global usage of elections as a tool for selecting representatives in sophisticated representative democracies is in contrast with the practice in the democratic archetype, ancient Athens, where the elections were considered an oligarchic multiple and most political offices were filled using sortition, also required as allotment, by which officeholders were chosen by lot.

Electoral reform describes the process of build fair electoral systems where they are not in place, or enhance the fairness or effectiveness of existing systems. Psephology is the study of results and other statistics relating to elections particularly with a abstraction to predicting future results. Election is the fact of electing, or being elected.

To elect means "toor make a decision", and so sometimes other forms of ballot such(a) as referendums are transmitted to as elections, especially in the United States.

History

Elections were used as early in history as ancient Greece and ancient Rome, and throughout the Medieval period torulers such(a) as the Holy Roman Emperor see imperial election and the pope see papal election.

In the ] of India, the ] The Bengal was elected by a group of feudal chieftains. such elections were quite common in contemporary societies of the region. In the Chola Empire, around 920 CE, in Uthiramerur in present-day Tamil Nadu, palm leaves were used for selecting the village committee members. The leaves, with candidate denomination a thing that is said on them, were include inside a mud pot. To choose the committee members, a young boy was invited to take out as numerous leaves as the number of positions available. This was known as the Kudavolai system.

The number one recorded popular elections of officials to public office, by majority vote, where any citizens were eligible both to vote and to hold public office, date back to the Ephors of Sparta in 754 BC, under the mixed government of the Spartan Constitution. Athenian democratic elections, where all citizens could hold public office, were not shown for another 247 years, until the reforms of Cleisthenes. Under the earlier Solonian Constitution circa 574 BC, all Athenian citizens were eligible to vote in the popular assemblies, on things of law and policy, and as jurors, but only the three highest a collection of matters sharing a common attribute of citizens could vote in elections. Nor were the lowest of the four a collection of things sharing a common attribute of Athenian citizens as defined by the extent of their wealth and property, rather than by birth eligible to hold public office, through the reforms of Solon. The Spartan election of the Ephors, therefore, also predates the reforms of Solon in Athens by approximately 180 years.

Questions of electorate and cover to do so in many countries. Early elections in countries such as the women's suffrage. Despite legally mandated universal suffrage for adult males, political barriers were sometimes erected to prevent reasonable access to elections see civil rights movement.