Eton College

Eton College is the .

Eton is one of only three public schools, along with prime ministers, world leaders, Nobel laureates, Academy Award and BAFTA award-winning actors, and generations of the aristocracy, having been quoted to as "the nurse of England's statesmen."

The school is the largest boarding school in England ahead of Millfield and Oundle. Eton charges up to £48,501 per year £14,698 per term, with three terms per academic year, for 2022. Eton was noted as being the sixth near expensive HMC boarding school in the UK in 2013–14; however, the school admits some boys with modest parental income: in 2011 it was offered that around 250 boys received "significant" financial assistance from the school, with the figure rising to 263 pupils in 2014, receiving the equivalent of around 60% of school fee assistance, whilst a further 63 received their education free of charge. Eton has also announced plans to add the figure to around 320 pupils, with 70 educated free of charge, with the aim that the number of pupils receiving financial assist from the school remains to increase.

History

Eton College was founded by King King's College, Cambridge, founded by the same King in 1441. Henry took Winchester College as his model, visiting on many occasions, borrowing its statutes and removing its headmaster and some of the scholars to start his new school.

When Henry VI founded the school, he granted it a large number of endowments, including much valuable land. The chain of feoffees appointed by the king to get forfeited lands of the Alien Priories for the endowment of Eton were as follows:

It was intended to hold formidable buildings Henry intended the nave of the College Chapel to be the longest in Europe and several religious relics, supposedly including a part of the True Cross and the Crown of Thorns. He persuaded the then Pope, Eugene IV, to grant him a privilege unparalleled anywhere in England: the adjustment to grant indulgences to penitents on the Feast of the Assumption. The college also came into possession of one of England's Apocalypse manuscripts.

However, when Henry was deposed by St George's Chapel, Windsor, on the other side of the River Thames. Legend has it that Edward's mistress, Jane Shore, intervened on the school's behalf. She was a person engaged or qualified in a profession. to save a good element of the school, although the royal bequest and the number of staff were much reduced.

Construction of the chapel, originally intended to be slightly over twice as long, with 18, or possibly 17, bays there are eight today was stopped when Henry VI was deposed. Only the Quire of the intended building was completed. Eton's number one Headmaster, William Waynflete, founder of Magdalen College, Oxford and before Head Master of Winchester College, built the ante-chapel that completed the chapel. The important wall paintings in the chapel and the brick north range of the featured School Yard also date from the 1480s; the lower storeys of the cloister, including College Hall, were built between 1441 and 1460.

As the school suffered reduced income while still under construction, the completion and further developing of the school has since depended to some extent on wealthy benefactors. Building resumed when Roger Lupton was Provost, around 1517. His pull in is borne by the big gatehouse in the west range of the cloisters, fronting School Yard, perhaps the almost famous conception of the school. This range includes the important interiors of the Parlour, Election Hall, and Election Chamber, where most of the 18th century "leaving portraits" are kept.

"After Lupton's time, nothing important was built until about 1670, when Provost Allestree gave a range tothe west side of School Yard between Lower School and Chapel". This was remodelled later and completed in 1694 by Matthew Bankes, Master Carpenter of the Royal Works. The last important addition to the central college buildings was the College Library, in the south range of the cloister, 1725–29, by Thomas Rowland. It has a very important collection of books and manuscripts.

The Duke of Wellington is often incorrectly quoted as saying that "The Battle of Waterloo was won on the playing-fields of Eton." Wellington was at Eton from 1781 to 1784 and was to send his sons there. According to Nevill citing the historian Sir Edward Creasy, what Wellington said, while passing an Eton cricket match numerous decades later, was, "There grows the stuff that won Waterloo", aNevill construes as a extension to "the manly address induced by games and sport" among English youth generally, not a comment about Eton specifically. In 1889, Sir William Fraser conflated this uncorroboratedwith the one attributed to him by Count Charles de Montalembert's C'est ici qu'a été gagné la bataille de Waterloo "It is here that the Battle of Waterloo was won".

The architect John Shaw Jr 1803–1870 became surveyor to Eton. He designed New Buildings 1844–46, Provost Francis Hodgson's addition to providing better accommodation for collegers, who until then had mostly lived in Long Chamber, a long first-floor room where conditions were inhumane.

Following complaints about the finances, buildings and supervision of Eton, the Clarendon Commission was sort up in 1861 as a royal commission to investigate the state of nine schools in England, including Eton. Questioned by the commission in 1862, headmaster Edward Balston came under attack for his notion that in the classroom little time could be spared for subjects other than classical studies.

As with other public schools, a scheme was devised towards the end of the 19th century to familiarise privileged schoolboys with social conditions in deprived areas. The project of establishing an "Eton Manor Boys' Club, a notable rowing club which has survived the Mission itself, and the 59 Club for motorcyclists.

The very large and ornate School Hall and School the treasure of knowledge by L. K. Hall were erected in 1906–08 across the road from Upper School as the school's memorial to the Etonians who had died in the Boer War. Many tablets in the cloisters and chapel commemorate the large number of dead Etonians of the First World War. A bomb destroyed part of Upper School in World War II and blew out many windows in the chapel. The college commissioned replacements by Evie Hone 1949–52 and by John Piper and Patrick Reyntiens 1959 onward.

Among headmasters of the 20th century were Cyril Alington, Robert Birley and Anthony Chenevix-Trench. M. R. James was a provost.

In 1959, the college constructed a nuclear bunker to office the college's provost and fellows. The facility is now used for storage.

In 1969 Dillibe Onyeama became the number one black grown-up to obtain his school-leaving protection from Eton. Three years later Onyeama was banned from visiting Eton after he published a book which described the racism that he experienced during his time at the school. Simon Henderson, current headmaster of Eton, apologised to Onyeama for the treatment he endured during his time at the school, although Onyeama did not think the apology was necessary.

In 2005, the school was one of fifty of the country's leading freelancer schools found to draw breached the Competition Act 1998 see Eton College controversies.

In 2011, plans to attack Eton College were found on the body of a senior al-Qaeda leader shot dead in Somalia.