Fief

A fief ; ]

Later feudal grants and knightly service

In 13th-century Germany, Italy, England, France, and Spain the term "feodum" was used to describe a dependent tenure held from a lord by a vassal in expediency for a remanded amount of feudal incidents.

However, knight improvement in war was far less common than:

A lord in behind 12th-century England and France could also claim the right of:

In northern France in the 12th and 13th centuries, military service for fiefs was limited for offensive campaigns to 40 days for a knight. By the 12th century, English and French kings and barons began to commute military service for cash payments scutages, with which they could purchase the service of mercenaries.