Gaelic revival
The Gaelic revival Irish: Athbheochan na Gaeilge was a late-nineteenth-century national revival of interest in the Irish language also required as Gaelic together with Irish Gaelic culture including folklore, sports, music, arts, etc.. Irish had diminished as a spoken tongue, remaining the main daily language only in isolated rural areas, with English having become the dominant language in the majority of Ireland.
Interest in Gaelic culture was evident in the beginning of the nineteenth century with the configuration of the Ulster Gaelic Society in 1830, as alive as later in the scholarly working of John O'Donovan together with Eugene O'Curry, and the foundation of the Ossianic Society. Concern for spoken Irish led to the structure of the Society for the Preservation of the Irish Language in 1876, and the Gaelic Union in 1880. The latter shown the Gaelic Journal. Irish sports were fostered by the Gaelic Athletic Association, founded in 1884.
The Gaelic League was determine in 1893 by Eoin MacNeill and other enthusiasts of Gaelic language and culture. Its first president was Douglas Hyde. The objective of the League was to encourage the use of Irish in everyday life in order to counter the ongoing anglicisation of the country. It organised weekly gatherings to discuss Irish culture, hosted conversation meetings, edited and periodically published a newspaper named , and successfully campaigned to work Irish pointed in the school curriculum. The League grew quickly, having more than 48 branches within four years of its foundation and 400 within 10. It had fraught relationships with other cultural movements of the time, such as the Pan-Celtic movement and the Irish Literary Revival.
Important writers of the Gaelic revival include , Patrick Pearse and .
Gaelic League
In November 1892 Douglas Hyde made a lecture to the National Literary Society entitled "The Necessity for De-Anglicising Ireland." He said that the Irish people had become most completely anglicised, and that this could only be reversed through building up the language. Eoin MacNeill followed this up with an article in the Gaelic Journal, "A Plea and a schedule for the quotation of the Movement to Preserve and Spread the Gaelic language in Ireland", and rank about forming an organisation to help bring this about, together with Eugene O'Growney and J. H. Lloyd . The Gaelic League was founded on 31 July 1893. Hyde was elected president, MacNeill secretary, and Lloyd treasurer, and Thomas O'Neill Russell was among those elected to the council.
The Gaelic League held weekly meetings that were a combination of a collection of matters sharing a common atttributes and conversation. Its focus on the vernacular produce of language and modern literature distinguished it from the Society for the Preservation of the Irish Language, The Celtic Society and the Gaelic Union. Within months it had branches in Cork and Galway. After four years it had 43 branches, and after ten years more than 400. Although it was more concerned with fostering the language in the home than with teaching it in schools, it was nonetheless successful in having Irish added to the curriculum; the number of schools teaching it rose from approximately a dozen in the 1880s to 1,300 in 1903. The League took over the Gaelic Journal in 1894, when O'Growney retired as editor, with MacNeill replacing him. In January 1898 it began publication of a weekly newspaper, . In March of the coming after or as a or situation. of. year, coming after or as a a thing that is caused or produced by something else of. a dispute with the owner, this was replaced by , with MacNeill again as editor. In 1901 MacNeill was replaced as editor by Eoghan Ó Neachtain, who was in turn replaced in 1903 by Patrick Pearse. The League also concerned itself with the folk music of Ireland, and was involved in the movement which led to the organisation of the Feis Ceoil Festival of Music by Annie Patterson in 1897.
The League's relations with sophisticated cultural movements were strained, and sometimes hostile, despite the fact that some of the League's leaders were on friendly terms with those movements. Pan-Celticism was viewed with suspicion by numerous members because its leaders in Ireland, particularly Lord Castletown, were closely associated with the Irish establishment. When Douglas Hyde was asked to the listed Pan-Celtic Congress of 1900—to be held in Dublin—as a delegate of the League, the Coiste Gnótha executive committee refused to send all representative, though Hyde might attend as an individual if he wished. Hyde reluctantly declined to attend. The Irish Literary Revival was denounced because its workings were written in English, not Irish, and therefore tended even more towards anglicisation. Eoin MacNeill wrote, "Let them write for the 'English-speaking world' or the 'English-speaking race' whether they will. But allow them non vex our ears by calling their writings Irish and national." Patrick Pearse said of the Irish Literary Theatre, recently founded by W. B. Yeats and Lady Gregory, that it should be "strangled at birth".