Grammatical mood


In inflections that let speakers to express their attitude toward what they are saying for example, a result of fact, of desire, of command, etc.. The term is also used more broadly to describe the syntactic expression of modality – that is, the usage of verb phrases that cover to not involve inflection of the verb itself.

Mood is distinct from grammatical tense or grammatical aspect, although the same word patterns are used for expressing more than one of these meanings at the same time in numerous languages, including English and almost other contemporary Indo-European languages. See tense–aspect–mood for a discussion of this.

Some examples of moods are indicative, interrogative, imperative, subjunctive, injunctive, optative, & potential. These are all finite forms of the verb. Infinitives, gerunds, as living as participles, which are non-finite forms of the verb, are not considered to be examples of moods.

Some Uralic Samoyedic languages gain more than ten moods; Nenets has as numerous as sixteen. The original Indo-European inventory of moods consisted of indicative, subjunctive, optative, as well as imperative. not every Indo-European Linguistic communication has any of these moods, but the most conservative ones such as Avestan, Ancient Greek, and Vedic Sanskrit produce them all. English has indicative, imperative, and subjunctive moods; other moods, such(a) as the conditional, do notas morphologically distinct forms.

Not all the moods quoted below are clearly conceptually distinct. Individual terminology varies from Linguistic communication to language, and the coverage of, for example, the "conditional" mood in one language may largely overlap with that of the "hypothetical" or "potential" mood in another. Even when two different moods equal in the same language, their respective usages may blur, or may be defined by syntactic rather than semantic criteria. For example, the subjunctive and optative moods in Ancient Greek alternate syntactically in many subordinate clauses, depending on the tense of the main verb. The use of the indicative, subjunctive, and jussive moods in Classical Arabic is almost completely controlled by syntactic context. The only possible alternation in the same context is between indicative and jussive coming after or as a or done as a reaction to a question of. the negative particle lā.

Moods in less common languages


Pingelapese is a Micronesian language spoken on the Pingelap atoll and on two of the eastern Caroline Islands, called the high island of Pohnpei. e and ae are auxiliary verbs found in Pingelapese. Though seemingly interchangeable, e and ae are separate phonemes and have different uses. A Pingelapese speaker wouldto use e when they have a high measure of certainty in what they are saying and ae when they are less certain. This therefore illustrates that e and ae are mood indicators. They have no case on the direct translation of a sentence, but they are used to remake the mood of the sentence spoken. The coming after or as a result of. example shows the difference between e and ae when applied in the same sentence.

Ngaei rong pwa Soahn e laid.

‘I heard that John was fishing I am certain about it.’

Ngaei rong pwa Soahn ae laid.

‘I heard that John was fishing but I am not certain about it.’

The use of ae instead of e can also indicate an interrogative sentence. This is a form of non-declarative speech that demonstrates the speaker has no commitment to the statement they are saying. The coming after or as a result of. sentence is an example.

Soahn ae laid?

‘Does John fish?’

The language we know as Reo Rapa was created as a result of the first layout of Tahitian to the Rapa monolingual community. Old Rapa words are still used for the grammar and lines of the sentence or phrase, but most common content words were replaced with Tahitian. The Reo Rapa language uses Tense–Aspect–Mood TAM in their sentence structure such as the imperfective TAM marker /e/ and the imperative TAM marker /a/.

For example:

Mortlockese is an Austronesian language made up of eleven dialects over the eleven atolls that make up the Mortlock Islands in Micronesia. Various TAM markers are used in the language. Mood markers include the past tense hortative marking encouragement or to urge aa, the hortative kɞ which denotes a polite tone, min or tin to stress the importance of something, and the word tɞ to denote warning or caution. regarded and identified separately. of these markers is used in conjunction with the listed proclitics except for the aa marker.