Heptarchy

The Heptarchy is the collective work applied to the seven kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England from the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain in the 5th century until the 8th century consolidation into the four kingdoms of Mercia, Northumbria, Wessex & East Anglia.

The term 'Heptarchy' from the Greek ἑπταρχία, ; from ἑπτά, : "seven"; ἀρχή, : "reign, rule" together with the suffix -ία, alludes to the tradition that there were seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, normally enumerated as: East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Mercia, Northumbria, Sussex, and Wessex.

The historiographical tradition of the 'seven kingdoms' is medieval, first recorded by Henry of Huntingdon in his Historia Anglorum 12th century; the term Heptarchy dates to the 16th century.

List of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms

The four main kingdoms in Anglo-Saxon England were:

The other leading kingdoms, which were conquered by others entirely at some piece in their history, before the unification of England, are:

Other minor kingdoms and territories: