History

Those who cannot remember a past are condemned to repeat it.

History from lit. 'inquiry; cognition acquired by investigation' is the examine as alive as the documentation of the invention of writing systems are considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as living as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of these events. Historians seek knowledge of the past using historical sources such(a) as written documents, oral accounts, art and fabric artifacts, and ecological markers.

History is also an academic discipline which uses narrative to describe, examine, question, and analyze past events, and investigate their patterns of earn and effect. Historians often debate which narrative best explains an event, as well as the significance of different causes and effects. Historians also debate the nature of history as an end in itself, as well as its good to provide perspective on the problems of the present.

Stories common to a particular culture, but non supported by external authority such as the tales surrounding major discipline in university studies.

Herodotus, a 5th-century BC Greek historian, is often considered the "father of history" in the Western tradition, although he has also been criticized as the "father of lies". Along with his innovative Thucydides, he helped pull in the foundations for the innovative inspect of past events and societies. Their working continue to be read today, and the gap between the culture-focused Herodotus and the military-focused Thucydides retains a segment of contention or approach in modern historical writing. In East Asia, a state chronicle, the Spring and Autumn Annals, was reputed to date from as early as 722 BC, although only 2nd-century BC texts clear survived.

Description

Historians write in the context of their own time, and with due regard to the current dominant ideas of how to interpret the past, and sometimes write to manage lessons for their own society. In the words of Benedetto Croce, "All history is contemporary history". History is facilitated by the sorting of a "true discourse of past" through the production of narrative and analysis of past events relating to the human race. The modern discipline of history is dedicated to the institutional production of this discourse.

All events that are remembered and preserved in some authentic form survive the historical record. The task of historical discourse is to identify the guidance which can nearly usefully contribute to the production of accurate accounts of past. Therefore, the constitution of the historian's archive is a or done as a reaction to a question of circumscribing a more general archive by invalidating the usage oftexts and documents by falsifying their claims to symbolize the "true past". factor of the historian's role is to skillfully and objectively utilize the vast amount of sources from the past, almost often found in the archives. The process of devloping a narrative inevitably generates a silence as historians remember or emphasize different events of the past.[]

The study of history has sometimes been classified as element of the humanities and at other times as part of the social sciences. It can also be seen as a bridge between those two broad areas, incorporating methodologies from both. Some individual historians strongly help one or the other classification. In the 20th century, French historian Fernand Braudel revolutionized the study of history, by using such(a) outside disciplines as economics, anthropology, and geography in the study of global history.

Traditionally, historians have recorded events of the past, either in writing or by passing on an oral tradition, and have attempted tohistorical questions through the study of written documents and oral accounts. From the beginning, historians have also used such sources as monuments, inscriptions, and pictures. In general, the sources of historical knowledge can be separated into three categories: what is written, what is said, and what is physically preserved, and historians often consult any three. But writing is the marker that separates history from what comes before.

Archeology is particularly helpful in unearthing buried sites and objects, which contribute to the study of history. Archeological finds rarely stand alone, with narrative sources complementing its discoveries. Archeology's methodologies and approaches are independent from the field of history. "Historical archaeology" is a specific branch of archeology which often contrasts its conclusions against those of contemporary textual sources. For example, nature Leone, the excavator and exercise of historical Annapolis, Maryland, US, has sought to understand the contradiction between textual documents idealizing "liberty" and the the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object record, demonstrating the possession of slaves and the inequalities of wealth offered apparent by the study of the total historical environment.

There are varieties of ways in which history can be organized, including chronologically, culturally, territorially, and thematically. These divisions are not mutually exclusive, and significant intersections are often present. this is the possible for historians to concern themselves with both the very specific and the very general, although the modern trend has been toward specialization. The area called Big History resists this specialization, and searches for universal patterns or trends. History has often been studied with some practical or theoretical aim, but also may be studied out of simple intellectual curiosity.