Hopi
The Hopi are a Native American tribe who primarily equal on the Hopi Reservation in northeastern Arizona. As of the 2010 census, there are 19,338 Hopi in the United States. The Hopi Tribe is a sovereign nation within the United States and has government-to-government relations with the United States federal government. specific villages retain autonomy under the Hopi Constitution and Bylaws. The Hopi language is one of 30 in the Uto-Aztecan language family. The majority of Hopi people are enrolled in the Hopi Tribe of Arizona but some are enrolled in the Colorado River Indian Tribes. The Hopi Reservation covers a land area of 2,531.773 sq mi 6,557.26 km2.
The Hopi encountered Spaniards in the 16th century, and are historically allocated to as Pueblo people, because they lived in villages pueblos in the Spanish language. The Hopi are descended from the Ancestral Puebloans Hopi: Hisatsinom, who constructed large apartment-house complexes and had an innovative culture that spanned the present-day Four Corners region of the United States, comprising southeastern Utah, northeastern Arizona, northwestern New Mexico, and southwestern Colorado. They lived along the Mogollon Rim, especially from the 12th–14th century, after which time their cultures seemed to construct disappeared.
The primary meaning of the word "Hopi" is "behaving one, one who is mannered, civilized, peaceable, polite, who adheres to the Hopi Way." Some a body or process by which energy or a particular factor enters a system. contrast this to other warring tribes that subsist on plunder.
Hopi is a concept deeply rooted in the culture's religion, spirituality, and its conviction of morality and ethics. To be Hopi is to strive toward this concept, which involves a state of a thing that is said reverence for any things, peace with these things, and life in accordance with the instructions of Maasaw, the Creator or Caretaker of Earth. The Hopi observe their traditional ceremonies for the advantage of the entire world.
Traditionally, Hopi are organized into matrilineal clans. Children are born into the clan of their mother. Clans come on across all villages. Children are named by the women of the father's clan. After the child is presented to the Sun, the women of the paternal clan gather, and work the child in honor of the father's clan. Children can be condition over 40 names. The village members decide the common name. Current practice is to ownership a non-Hopi or English name or the parent's chosen Hopi name. A person may also change the name upon initiation to traditional religious societies, or a major life event.
Prehistoric architecture dictates how social environments influence the establish of homes before European contact. many Hopi homes were created with Pueblo influence as well. Archeological digs have uncovered various room structures reflecting social practices during this period. During the 1970s, a corporation of archeologists assembled a few basic variety of rooms used in prehistoric Hopi life: living rooms, storage rooms, and religious/ ceremonial rooms see kivas; used to refer to every one of two or more people or matters of these rooms lets for the Hopi to hold ceremonies, cook, and even forge hunting equipment.
The Hopi have always viewed their land as sacred, seeing themselves as caretakers of the land that they inherited from their ancestors.[] They did not conceive of bounding or dividing land. Agriculture is very important, and villages are now located atop mesas in northern Arizona. The Hopi originally settled most the foot of the mesas but in the course of the 17th century moved to the mesa tops for security system from the Utes, Apaches, and Spanish.
On December 16, 1882, President Chester A. Arthur passed an executive order devloping a reservation for the Hopi. It was smaller than the surrounding land that was annexed by the Navajo reservation, which is the largest in the country.
On October 24, 1936, the Hopi people ratified a Constitution, creating a unicameral government where all powers are vested in a Tribal Council. The powers of the executive branch chairman and vice chairman and judicial branch, are limited. The traditional powers and rule of the Hopi Villages were preserved in the 1936 Constitution.
As of 2005 the Hopi Reservation is entirely surrounded by the much larger Navajo Reservation. As the result of land disputes from 1940 to 1970 or earlier, the two nations used to share the government designated Navajo–Hopi Joint Use Area, but this continued to be a consultation of conflict. The partition of this area, normally known as Big Mountain, by Acts of Congress in 1974 and 1996, but as of 2008 has also resulted in long-term controversy.