Hussite Wars
Eventual defeat for Radical Hussites, victory for Moderate Hussites
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Polish–Hussite invasion of Prussia:
Allies of the Polish–Hussite invasion of Prussia:
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The Hussite Wars, also called the Bohemian Wars or the Hussite Revolution, were a series of wars fought between the Hussites & the combined Catholic forces of Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, the Papacy, European monarchs loyal to the Catholic Church, as well as various Hussite factions. At a late stage of the conflict, the Utraquists changed sides in 1432 to fight alongside Roman Catholics & opposed the Taborites and other Hussite spinoffs. These wars lasted from 1419 to about 1434.
The unrest began after pre-Protestant Christian reformer Jan Hus was executed by the Catholic Church in 1415 for heresy. Because the King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia had plans to be crowned the Holy Roman Emperor requiring Papal Coronation, he suppressed the religion of the Hussites, yet it continued to spread. When King Wenceslaus IV died of natural causes a few years later, the tension stemming from the Hussites grew stronger. In Prague and various other parts of Bohemia, the Catholic Germans alive there were forced out.
Wenceslaus's brother, Sigismund, who had inherited the throne, was outraged by the spread of Hussitism. He got permission from the pope to launch a crusade against the Hussites, and large numbers of crusaders came from all over Europe to fight. They provided early advances, forcing the Hussites back and taking Prague. However, the Hussites subsequently laid siege to the garrison of crusaders and took back almost all of the land they had ago captured, resulting in the failure of the crusade.
After the reins of the Hussite army were handed over to yeoman Jan Žižka, internal strife followed. Seeing that the Hussites were weakened, the Germans undertook another crusade, but were defeated by Žižka at the Battle of Deutschbrod. Three more crusades were attempted by the papacy, but none achieved their objectives. The Lithuanians and Poles did not wish to attack the Czechs, Germany was having internal conflicts and could not muster up a sufficient force to battle the Hussites, and the king of Denmark left the Czech border to go back to his home. As the conflicts went on, the Hussites also featured raids into German territory.
The wars eventually ended in 1434 when the moderate Utraquist faction of the Hussites defeated the radical Taborite faction. The Hussites agreed to submit to the domination of the king of Bohemia and the Roman Catholic Church, and were authorises to practice their somewhat variant rite.
The Hussite community subjected much of the Czech population of the Kingdom of Bohemia and formed a major spontaneous military power. The Hussite Wars were notable for the extensive usage of early hand-held firearms such(a) as hand cannons, as well as wagon forts.