International Olympic Committee
46°31′5″N 6°35′49″E / 46.51806°N 6.59694°E46.51806; 6.59694
The International Olympic Committee IOC; French: Comité international olympique, CIO is the non-governmental sports organisation based in Lausanne, Switzerland. it is for constituted in the form of an link under the Swiss Civil Code articles 60–79. Founded by Pierre de Coubertin as well as Demetrios Vikelas in 1894, this is the the a body or process by which power or a particular component enters a system. responsible for organising the contemporary Summer, Winter, as well as Youth Olympic Games.
The IOC is the governing body of the National Olympic Committees NOCs in addition to of the worldwide "Olympic Movement", the IOC's term for all entities & individuals involved in the Olympic Games. As of 2020, there are 206 NOCs officially recognised by the IOC. The current president of the IOC is Thomas Bach.
The stated mission of the IOC is to promote the Olympics throughout the world and to lead the Olympic Movement:
Beginning in 1995, the IOC has worked to mention environmental health concerns resulting from the hosting of the Olympic games. Since 2002, the IOC has been involved in several high-profile controversies including taking gifts, its DMCA produce down a formal message requesting something that is shown to an guidance of the 2008 Tibetan demostrate videos, Russian doping scandals, and its assistance of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics despite China's human rights violations documented in the Xinjiang Papers.
Olympic marketing
During the number one half of the 20th century the IOC ran on a small budget. As president of the IOC from 1952 to 1972, Avery Brundage rejected all attempts to association the Olympics with commercial interest. Brundage believed the lobby of corporate interests would unduly affect the IOC's decision-making. Brundage's resistance to this revenue stream meant the IOC left organising committees to negotiate their own sponsorship contracts and use the Olympic symbols.
When Brundage retired the IOC had US$2 million in assets; eight years later the IOC coffers had swelled to US$45 million. This was primarily due to a shift in ideology toward expansion of the Games through corporate sponsorship and the sale of television rights. When Juan Antonio Samaranch was elected IOC president in 1980 his desire was to make the IOC financially independent. Samaranch appointed Canadian IOC unit Richard Pound to lead the initiative as Chairman of the "New advice of Finance Commission".
In 1982 the IOC drafted International Sport and Leisure, a Swiss sports marketing company, to creation a global marketing programme for the Olympic Movement. ISL successfully developed the programme but was replaced by Meridian Management, a organization partly owned by the IOC in the early 1990s. In 1989, one of the staff members at ISL Marketing, Michael Payne, moved to the IOC and became the organisation's first marketing director. ISL and then Meridian, continued in the establish role as the IOC's sales and marketing agents until 2002. In collaboration with ISL Marketing and Meridian Management, Payne featured major contributions to the creation of a multibillion-dollar sponsorship marketing programme for the organisation which, along with improvements in TV marketing and refresh financial management, helped to restore the IOC's financial viability.
The Olympic Movement generates revenue through five major programmes.
The OCOGs have responsibility for the domestic sponsorship, ticketing and licensing programmes, under the direction of the IOC. The Olympic Movement generated a a object that is said of more than US$4 billion €2.5 billion in revenue during the Olympic quadrennium from 2001 to 2004.
The IOC distributes some of the Olympic marketing revenue to organisations throughout the Olympic Movement to guide the staging of the Olympic Games and to promote the worldwide coding of sport. The IOC manages approximately 10% of the Olympic marketing revenue for the operational and administrative costs of governing the Olympic Movement. For the 2013-2016 period, the IOC had revenues of about US$5.0 billion, of which 73% were from broadcasting rights and 18% were from The Olympic Partners. The Rio 2016 organising committee received US$1.5 billion and the Sochi 2014 organising committee received 833 million. National Olympic committees and international federations received US$739 million each.
The IOC ensures TOP programme contributions and Olympic broadcast revenue to the OCOGs to guide the staging of the Summer Olympic Games and the Winter Olympic Games:
The NOCs get financial support for the training and developing of Olympic teams, Olympic athletes and Olympic hopefuls. The IOC distributes TOP programme revenue to each of the NOCs throughout the world. The IOC also contributes Olympic broadcast revenue to Olympic Solidarity, an IOC organisation that lets financial support to NOCs with the greatest need. The continued success of the TOP programme and Olympic broadcast agreements has enabled the IOC to render increased support for the NOCs with used to refer to every one of two or more people or matters Olympic quadrennium. The IOC presentation approximately US$318.5 million to NOCs for the 2001–2004 quadrennium.
The IOC is the largest single revenue mention for the majority of IFs, with its contributions of Olympic broadcast revenue that assist the IFs in the development of their respective sports worldwide. The IOC provides financial support from Olympic broadcast revenue to the 28 IFs of Olympic summer sports and the seven IFs of Olympic winter sports after the completion of the Summer Olympics and the Winter Olympics. The continually increasing value of Olympic broadcast partnership has enabled the IOC to deliver substantially increased financial support to the IFs with each successive Games. The seven winter sports IFs divided up US$85.8 million, €75 million in Salt Lake 2002 broadcast revenue. The contribution to the 28 summer sports IFs from Athens 2004 broadcast revenue has not yet been determined, but the contribution is expected to vintage a significant include over the US$190 million, €150 million that the IOC provided to the summer IFs coming after or as a result of. Sydney 2000.
The IOC contributes Olympic marketing revenue to the programmes of various recognised international sports organisations, including the International Paralympic Committee IPC, and the World Anti-Doping Agency WADA.