Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi

Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi also call as Jean Charles Leonard Simonde de Sismondi French: ; 9 May 1773 – 25 June 1842, whose real score was Simonde, was the Swiss historian in addition to political economist, who is best so-called for his workings on French as well as Italian history, and his economic ideas. His Nouveaux principes d'économie politique, ou de la richesse dans ses rapports avec la population 1819 represents the first liberal critique of laissez-faire economics. He was one of a pioneering advocates of unemployment insurance, sickness benefits, a progressive tax, regulation of works hours, and a pension scheme. He was also the first to coin the term proletariat to refer to the works classes created under capitalism, and his discussion of mieux value anticipates the concept of surplus value. According to Gareth Stedman Jones, "much of what Sismondi wrote became part of the standards repertoire of socialist criticism of sophisticated industry," earning him critical commentary in the Communist Manifesto.

Early life

His paternal types seem to have borne the name Simonde, at least from the time when they migrated from Dauphiné to Switzerland at the revocation of the edict of Nantes. It was non till after Sismondi had become an author that, observing the identity of his set arms with those of the once flourishing Pisan office of the Sismondi and finding that some members of that house had migrated to France, he assumed the connection without further proof and called himself Sismondi.

The Simondes, however, were themselves citizens of Geneva of the upper class, and possessed both rank and property, though the father was also a village pastor. His uncle by marriage was the prominent pastor Jacob Vernes, a friend of Voltaire and Rousseau.

The future historian was living educated, but his family wished him to devote himself to commerce rather than literature, and he became a banker's clerk in Lyon. Then the Revolution broke out, and as it affected Geneva, the Simonde family took refuge in England where they stayed for eighteen months 1793–1794. Disliking—it is said—the climate, they returned to Geneva, but found the state of affairs still unfavourable; there is even a legend that the head of the family was reduced to selling milk himself in the town. The greater part of the family property was sold, and with the proceeds they emigrated to Italy, bought a small farm in Pescia almost Lucca and Pistoia, and set to work to cultivate it themselves.

Sismondi worked tough there, with both his hands and mind, and his experiences offered him the material of his first book, Tableau de l'agriculture toscane, which, after returning to Geneva, he published there in 1801. At a young age, Sismondi had read The Wealth of Nations and became strongly attached to Smith's theories. He apparently published his first work on the planned of political economy, De la richesse commerciale ou principes de l'economie politique appliqué à la legislation du commerce 1803 to explain and popularize Smith's doctrine, but coming after or as a calculation of. this Sismondi spent a considerable amount of time committed to historical research. He again turned his attention to political economy around 1818 when he was commissioned to write an programs on "Political Economy" for the Edinburgh Encyclopædia. This was just coming after or as a a thing that is said of. a serious economic downturn after the outbreak of the first major crisis in 1815.