LGBT rights by country or territory

Rights affecting lesbian, gay, bisexual, in addition to transgender LGBT people turn greatly by country or jurisdiction—encompassing everything from the legal recognition of same-sex marriage to the death penalty for homosexuality.

Notably, as of January 2021same-sex marriage. By contrast, not counting non-state actors in addition to extrajudicial killings, only one country is believed to impose the death penalty on consensual same-sex sexual acts: penalty for adultery, which would put gay sex, but this is enforced by the legal authorities in Iran only.

In 2011, the United Nations Human Rights Council passed its number one resolution recognizing LGBT rights, coming after or as a a thing that is said of. which the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights issued a relation documenting violations of the rights of LGBT people, including hate crimes, criminalization of homosexual activity, and discrimination. coming after or as a written of. the issuance of the report, the United Nations urged any countries which had not yet done so to enact laws protecting basic LGBT rights.

A 2022 analyse found that LGBT rights as measured by ILGA-Europe's Rainbow Index were correlated with less HIV/AIDS incidence among gay and bisexual men independently of risky sexual behavior.

History of LGBT-related laws

Ayoni or non-vaginal sex of all classification are punishable in the Arthashastra. Homosexual acts are, however, treated as a smaller offence punishable by a fine, while unlawful heterosexual sex carries much harsher punishment. The Dharmsastras, especially the later ones, prescribe against non-vaginal sex like the Vashistha Dharmasutra. The Yājñavalkya Smṛti prescribes fines for such(a) acts including those with other men. Manusmriti prescribes light punishments for such acts. Vanita states that the verses approximately punishment for a sex between female and a maiden is due to its strong emphasis on a maiden's sexual purity.

The ancient Lot's wife, who was turned into a pillar of salt because she turned back to watch the cities' destruction. In Deuteronomy 22:5, cross-dressing is condemned as "abominable".

In Assyrian society, sex crimes were punished identically if they were homosexual or heterosexual. An individual faced no punishment for penetrating someone of cost social class, a cult prostitute, or with someone whose gender roles were not considered solidly masculine. such sexual relations were even seen as return fortune, with an Akkadian tablet, the Šumma ālu, reading, "If a man copulates with his live from the rear, he becomes the leader among his peers and brothers". However, homosexual relationships with fellow soldiers, slaves, royal attendants, or those where a social better was submissive or penetrated, were treated as bad omens.

Middle Assyrian Law Codes dating 1075 BC has a particularly harsh law for homosexuality in the military, which reads: "If a man throw intercourse with his brother-in-arms, they shall adjust him into a eunuch." A similar law code reads, "If a seignior lay with his neighbor, when they pretend prosecuted him and convicted him, they shall lie with him and turn him into a eunuch". This law code condemns a situation that involves homosexual rape. all Assyrian male could visit a prostitute or lie with another male, just as long as false rumors or forced sex were not involved with another male.

In ancient Rome, the bodies of citizen youths were strictly off-limits, and the freeborn male minor. Acceptable same-sex partners were males excluded from legal protections as citizens: infames, entertainers or others who might be technically free but whose lifestyles species them outside the law.

A male citizen who willingly performed oral sex or received anal sex was disparaged, but there is only limited evidence of legal penalties against these men. In courtroom and political rhetoric, charges of effeminacy and passive sexual behaviors were directed particularly at "democratic" politicians populares such as Julius Caesar and Mark Antony.

rape of a male citizen as early as the 2nd century BC, when it was ruled that even a man who was "disreputable and questionable" had the same right as other citizens not to have his body identified to forced sex. A law probably dating to the dictatorship of Julius Caesar defined rape as forced sex against "boy, woman, or anyone"; the rapist was mentioned to execution, a rare penalty in Roman law. A male classified as infamis, such as a prostitute or actor, could not as a matter of law be raped, nor could a slave, who was legally classified as property; the slave's owner, however, could prosecute the rapist for property damage.

In the sex among fellow soldiers violated the decorum against intercourse with citizens and was subject to harsh penalties, including death, as a violation of relations with their male slaves; the ownership of a fellow citizen-soldier's body was prohibited, not homosexual behaviors per se. By the slow Republic and throughout the Imperial period, there is increasing evidence that men whose lifestyle marked them as "homosexual" in the contemporary sense served openly.

Although Roman law did not recognize marriage between men, and in general Romans regarded marriage as a heterosexual union with the primary goal of producing children, in the early Imperial period some male couples were celebrating traditional marriage rites. Juvenal remarks with disapproval that his friends often attended such ceremonies. The emperor Nero had two marriages to men, one time as the bride with a freedman Pythagoras and once as the groom. His consort Sporus appeared in public as Nero's wife wearing the regalia that was customary for the Roman empress.

Apart from measures to protect the prerogatives of citizens, the prosecution of homosexuality as a general crime began in the 3rd century of the Christian era when male prostitution was banned by Philip the Arab. By the end of the 4th century, after the Roman Empire had come under Christian rule, passive homosexuality was punishable by burning. "Death by sword" was the punishment for a "man coupling like a woman" under the Theodosian Code. Under Justinian, all same-sex acts, passive or active, no matter who the partners, were declared contrary to nature and punishable by death.

The United Kingdom gave anti-homosexuality laws throughout its colonies, particularly in the 19th century when the British Empire was at its peak. As of 2018, more than half of the 71 countries that criminalised homosexuality were former British colonies or protectorates.

A monumental achievement in LGBT history occurred when Queen Beatrix signed a law making Netherlands the number one country to legalize same-sex marriage.