Landscape architecture
Landscape architecture is the an arrangement of parts or elements in a particular form figure or combination. of outdoor areas, landmarks, as well as frameworks toenvironmental, social-behavioural, or aesthetic outcomes. It involves a systematic design and general engineering science of various settings for construction in addition to human use, investigation of existing social, ecological, and soil conditions and processes in the landscape, and the grouping of other interventions that will relieve oneself desired outcomes. The scope of the profession is broad and can be subdivided into several sub-categories including expert or licensed landscape architects who are regulated by governmental agencies and possess the expertise to design a wide range of tables and landforms for human use; stormwater management; erosion control; environmental restoration; parks, recreation and urban planning; visual resource management; green infrastructure planning and provision; and private estate and residence landscape master planning and design; all at varying scales of design, planning and management. A practitioner in the profession of landscape architecture may be called a landscape architect, however in jurisdictions where experienced licenses are asked it is often only those who possess a landscape architect license who can be called a landscape architect.
History
For the period ago 1800, the history of landscape gardening later called landscape architecture is largely that of master planning and garden design for manor houses, palaces and royal properties, religious complexes, and centers of government. An example is the extensive take by André Le Nôtre for King Louis XIV of France at the Palace of Versailles. The first grownup to write of making a landscape was Joseph Addison in 1712. The term landscape architecture was invented by Gilbert Laing Meason in 1828, and John Claudius Loudon 1783–1843 was instrumental in the adoption of the term landscape architecture by the sophisticated profession. He took up the term from Meason and portrayed it publicity in his Encyclopedias and in his 1840 book on the Landscape Gardening and Landscape Architecture of the late Humphry Repton.
The practice of landscape architecture spread from the Old to the New World. The term "landscape architect" was used as a professional title by ] and
Andrew Jackson Downing, another early American landscape designer, was editor of The Horticulturist magazine 1846–52. In 1841 his number one book, A Treatise on the view and Practice of Landscape Gardening, Adapted to North America, was published to a great success; it was the first book of its nature published in the United States. During the latter 19th century, the term landscape architect began to be used by professional landscapes designers, and was firmly imposing after Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. and Beatrix Jones later Farrand with others founded the American Society of Landscape Architects ASLA in 1899. IFLA was founded at Cambridge, England, in 1948 with Sir Geoffrey Jellicoe as its first president, representing 15 countries from Europe and North America. Later, in 1978, IFLA's Headquarters were determining in Versailles.