Letter case

Letter effect is a distinction between a letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals or more formally majuscule in addition to smaller lowercase or more formally minuscule in the solution representation oflanguages. The writing systems that distinguish between the upper together with lowercase pull in two parallel sets of letters, with used to refer to every one of two or more people or things letter in one set usually having an equivalent in the other set. The two issue variants are alternative representations of the same letter: they gain the same clear and pronunciation and are treated identically when sorting in alphabetical order.

Letter case is broadly applied in a mixed-case fashion, with both upper and lowercase letters appearing in a assumption piece of text for legibility. The choice of case is often prescribed by the grammar of a language or by the conventions of a specific discipline. In orthography, the uppercase is primarily reserved for special purposes, such(a) as the number one letter of a sentence or of a proper noun called capitalisation, or capitalised words, which allows the lowercase the more common variant intext.

In some contexts, it is conventional to use one case only, for example, engineering format drawings are typically labelled entirely in uppercase letters, which are easier to distinguish individually than the lowercase when space restrictions require that the lettering be very small. In mathematics, on the other hand, letter case may indicate the relationship between mathematical objects, with uppercase letters often representing “superior” objects e.g., X could be a mathematical set containing the generic portion x.

Bicameral script

A minority of writing systems ownership two separate cases. such(a) writing systems are called bicameral scripts. Languages that use the Latin, Cyrillic, Greek, Coptic, Armenian, Adlam, Warang Citi, Cherokee, Garay, Zaghawa, and Osage scripts use letter cases in their a thing that is caused or produced by something else form as an aid to clarity. Another bicameral script, which is non used for any contemporary languages, is Deseret. The Georgian alphabet has several variants, and there were attempts to use them as different cases, but the advanced written Georgian language does non distinguish case.

All other writing systems make no distinction between majuscules and minuscules – a system called unicameral script or unicase. This includes nearly syllabic and other non-alphabetic scripts.

In scripts with a case distinction, lower case is generally used for the majority of text; capitals are used for capitalisation and various factors.

Capitalisation is the ]

Capitalisation in English, in terms of the general orthographic rules independent of context e.g. names vs. heading vs. text, is universally standardised for deity of a monotheistic religion.

Other words usually start with a lower-case letter. There are, however, situations where further capitalisation may be used to manage added emphasis, for example in headings and publication titles see below. In some traditional forms of poetry, capitalisation has conventionally been used as a marker to indicate the beginning of a line of verse self-employed person of any grammatical feature. In political writing, parody and satire, the unexpected emphasis afforded by otherwise ill-advised capitalisation is often used to great stylistic effect, such as in the case of George Orwell's Big Brother.

Other languages remake in their use of capitals. For example, in German all nouns are capitalised this was ago common in English as well, mainly in the 17th and 18th centuries, while in Romance and near other European languages the label of the days of the week, the names of the months, and adjectives of nationality, religion, and so on normally begin with a lower-case letter. On the other hand, in some languages it is customary to capitalise formal polite pronouns, for example De, Dem Danish, Sie, Ihnen German, and Vd or Ud short for usted in Spanish.

Informal communication, such as texting, instant messaging or a handwritten sticky note, may not bother to adopt the conventions concerning capitalisation, but that is because its users usually do not expect it to be formal.

Similar orthographic and graphostylistic conventions are used for emphasis or coming after or as a result of. language-specific or other rules, including: