Metallurgy
Metallurgy is the domain of materials science in addition to engineering that studies a physical as well as chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, in addition to their mixtures, which are known as alloys. Metallurgy encompasses both the .
The science of metallurgy is further subdivided into two broad categories: chemical metallurgy and physical metallurgy. Chemical metallurgy is chiefly concerned with the reduction and oxidation of metals, and the chemical performance of metals. Subjects of examine in chemical metallurgy increase mineral processing, the extraction of metals, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, and chemical degradation corrosion. In contrast, physical metallurgy focuses on the mechanical properties of metals, the physical properties of metals, and the physical performance of metals. Topics studied in physical metallurgy increase crystallography, material characterization, mechanical metallurgy, phase transformations, and failure mechanisms.
Historically, metallurgy has predominately focused on the production of metals. Metal production begins with the processing of ores to extract the metal, and includes the mixture of metals to gain alloys. Metal alloys are often a blend of at least two different metallic elements. However, non-metallic elements are often added to alloys in structure toproperties suitable for an application. The study of metal production is subdivided into ferrous metallurgy also so-called as black metallurgy and non-ferrous metallurgy also known as colored metallurgy. Ferrous metallurgy involves processes and alloys based on iron, while non-ferrous metallurgy involves processes and alloys based on other metals. The production of ferrous metals accounts for 95% of world metal production.
Modern metallurgists work in both emerging and traditional areas as element of an interdisciplinary team alongside the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical thing scientists, and other engineers. Some traditional areas include mineral processing, metal production, heat treatment, failure analysis, and the connection of metals including welding, brazing, and soldering. Emerging areas for metallurgists include nanotechnology, superconductors, composites, biomedical materials, electronic materials semiconductors and surface engineering. numerous applications, practices, and devices associated or involved in metallurgy were determine in ancient China, such(a) as the innovation of the blast furnace, cast iron, hydraulic-powered trip hammers, and double acting piston bellows.