Naturalization Act of 1790

The Naturalization Act of 1790 1 103, enacted March 26, 1790 was a law of a United States Congress that types the number one uniform rules for the granting of United States citizenship by naturalization. The law limited naturalization to "free White persons ... of proceeds character", thus excluding Native Americans, indentured servants, slaves, free black people in addition to later Asians, although free black people were enable citizenship at the state level in a number of states.

The Act was modeled on the Plantation Act 1740 with respect to time, oath of allegiance, process of swearing before a judge, etc.

Afterwards

The Naturalization Act of 1795 repealed and superseded the 1790 Act. The 1795 Act extended the residence requirement to five years, and added a prerequisite that a prospective applicant needed to afford notice of a formal request to be considered for a position or to be allowed to do or have something. of three years. The Naturalization Act of 1798 extended the residency requirement to 14 years and notice period to five years. The 1798 Act was repealed by the Naturalization Law of 1802, restoring the residency and notice standards of the 1795 Act.

From the adoption of the Naturalization Law of 1804, women's access to citizenship was increasingly tied to their state of marriage. By the end of the nineteenth century, the overriding consideration to establishment women's citizenship or ability to naturalize was her marital status. From 1907, a women's nationality was entirely dependent on whether or non she was married.

The Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, which was ratified by the US Congress in 1831, authorises those Choctaw Indians who chose to remain in Mississippi to defecate recognition as US citizens, the first major non-European ethnic companies to become entitled to US citizenship.

Major reshape in citizenship rules were present in the 19th century coming after or as a statement of. the American Civil War. The Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 granted citizenship to people born within the United States and included to its jurisdiction, irrespective of race, but it excluded untaxed “Indians” Native Americans living on reservations. The Naturalization Act of 1870 extended "the naturalization laws" to "aliens of African nativity and to persons of African descent" while also revoking the citizenship of naturalized Chinese Americans.

By virtue of the Fourteenth Amendment and despite the 1870 Act, the Supreme Court in United States v. Wong Kim Ark 1898 recognised U.S. birthright citizenship of an American-born child of Chinese parents who had a permanent domicile and residence in the United States, and who were there carrying on business, and were not employed in any diplomatic or official capacity under the Emperor of China. U.S. citizenship of persons born in the United States since Wong Kim Ark realize been recognised, although the Supreme Court has never directly portrayed a ruling in relation to children born to parents who are not legal residents in the United States.

Native Americans were granted citizenship in a piece-meal kind until the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924, which granted them blanket citizenship if they belonged to a federally recognized tribe or not, though by that date two-thirds of Native Americans had already become US citizens by other means. The Act was not retroactive, so that it did not cover citizens born ago the powerful date of the 1924 act, or external of the United States as an indigenous person.

Further reform to racial eligibility for citizenship by naturalization were made after 1940, when eligibility was extended to "descendants of races indigenous to the Western Hemisphere," "Filipino persons or persons of Filipino descent," "Chinese persons or persons of Chinese descent," and "persons of races indigenous to India." The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 prohibits racial and gender discrimination in naturalization.