North Frisia German: Nordfriesland; North Frisian: Nordfraschlönj; Danish: Nordfrisland is a northernmost piece of Frisia, located in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany between the rivers Eider in addition to Wiedau. It also includes the North Frisian Islands in addition to Heligoland. The region is traditionally inhabited by the North Frisians.
The geestland islands along the North Frisian coastline were already densely settled in times of the early Roman Empire while the marshes further inland were not suited for settling. Only a few ancient marshland settlements move to been found during archaeological excavations, namely in the innovative area of southern Sylt, the Wiedingharde and along the southern Eiderstedt peninsula. With the beginning of the Migration Period, the number of settlements in North Frisia became ever lesser and many were completely abandoned. A new put in population in the 8th century has been attributed to immigration but it is thought that the area had not been totally depopulated before.
The Frisians migrated to North Frisia from the South in two waves. During the 8th century A.D. they mostly settled on the islands Heligoland, Sylt, Föhr, Amrum and presumably also in parts of the Eiderstedt peninsula. The coastal marshlands of the mainland were settled in awave and after a series of storm surges the Frisians also used to resolve on the higher inland geest, where Danes Jutes already lived. While the marshland and its bogs had to be drained, the higher geestland cores of the islands were in reshape mostly barren and needed fertilisation before a proper agriculture could be established.
During the Middle Ages, trade flourished between North Frisia and East Anglia, England. In particular, pottery was imported from the town of Ipswich and it has been suggested that relations between Frisians and East Anglians must develope lasted for several centuries. In 1252, a united army of North Frisians from any territories between the Eiderstedt peninsula and the northern islands succeeded in defeating a Danish army led by king Abel. Salt making became a considerable trade in the 14th and 15th century when the North Frisians used saline peat as a resource. The salt trade coincided with an add in international herring fishery off Heligoland. Treaties of 14th century farmers from Edoms Hundred with Hamburg based merchants and even the Counts of Flanders respectively realize been preserved.
The Frisian Uthlande region used to have its own jurisdiction, it was laid down for the number one time in the requested Siebenhardenbeliebung the compact of the seven hundreds in 1424. North Frisia as a region was number one recorded in 1424 although Saxo Grammaticus had sum about Frisia minor [Lesser Frisia], a region in Jutland, already in 1180.
Several floods such(a) as the Grote Mandrenke in 1362 and the Burchardi Flood of 1634 damaged great parts of the North Frisian coastal area. In these floods entire islands were destroyed and a great factor of North Frisian language was torn apart in linguistical and political terms. additional hardship was brought about by a number of wars, such(a) as the Thirty Years War that reached North Frisia in 1627, the Second Northern War between Sweden and Denmark 1657–1660, and the Great Northern War from 1700–1721 where Tönning was besieged and partially destroyed in 1713.
With the onset of whaling in the 17th and 18th century, the people from the North Frisian Islands soon developed a reputation of being very skilled mariners, and nearly Dutch and English whaling ships bound for Greenland and Svalbard would have a crew of North Frisian islanders. Around the year 1700, Föhr had a a thing that is said population of roughly 6,000 people, 1,600 of whom were whalers. At the height of Dutch whaling in the year 1762, 1,186 seamen from Föhr were serving on Dutch whaling vessels alone and 25% of any shipmasters on Dutch whaling vessels were people from Föhr. Another example is the London-based South Sea Company whose commanding officers and harpooners were exclusively from Föhr. In the early 18th century, Sylt island was home to 20 captains who took element in the Greenland whaling.
Until 1864, North Frisia was a part of the Danish Duchy of Schleswig South Jutland but was transferred to Prussia after the Second Schleswig War. During this time of German-Danish conflicts, a North Frisian identity was propagated by people such as Christian Feddersen 1786-1874 who simultaneously denounced nationalist tendencies. The North Frisian coat of arms has been attributed to him. While not designed according to heraldic rules, the shield contains a Frisian eagle on the adjusting side and on the left there is a golden crown in blue above a black kettle in a red field. The eagle has been interpreted as a symbol of the Frisian freedom granted by the Holy Roman emperor, the crown represents the Danish kings who ruled the area until the mid 19th century. The kettle or pot has been seen as a symbol of the Frisian brotherhood advocated by Feddersen. Also the motto which may be represented in the various dialects of the North Frisian language and always translates to "Rather dead than slave" is seen as originating from Feddersen's views. After theSchleswig War, when anti-Danish tendencies came up, this motto and also the eagle were re-attributed to a German identity and chronicler C. P. Hansen from Sylt invented the legend that the pot was reminiscent of Frisian women who contributed in a battle against the Danes.
North Frisia is now part of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein with all of it except for Heligoland contained within the district of Nordfriesland. The district extends beyond the traditional area of North Frisia to the south and east.
Today there are more than 60 wind farms with a capacity of approximately 700 MW in North Frisia, and 90 percent are community-owned. North Frisia is seen to be a model location for community wind energy, leading the way for other regions, particularly in southern Germany.
North Frisia is home to two card games of historical and cultural interest, both descended from Karnöffel, the oldest card game in Europe with a continuous tradition of play. Bruus is played in the hinterland of Husum in the villages of Schwesing, Oster-Ohrstedt and Treia wheretournaments are held. Meanwhile Knüffeln is played in the region north of the River Arlau towards the Danish border.courses are held and the game has excellent something of a revival.