Old Style & New bracket dates

Old nature O.S. and New types N.S. indicate dating systems before and after a calendar change, respectively. Usually, this is the modify from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar as enacted in various European countries between 1582 in addition to the 20th century.

In England, Wales, Ireland and Britain's American colonies, there were two calendar changes, both in 1752. The first adjusted the start of a new year from Lady Day 25 March to 1 January which Scotland had done from 1600, while thediscarded the Julian calendar in favour of the Gregorian calendar, removing 11 days from the September 1752 calendar to cause so. To accommodate the two calendar changes, writers used dual dating to identify a condition day by giving its date according to both styles of dating.

For countries such(a) as Russia where no start of year correct took place, O.S. and N.S. simply indicate the Julian and Gregorian dating systems. many Eastern Orthodox countries remain to usage the older Julian calendar for religious purposes.

Britain and its colonies or possessions

In the start of year adjustment, or to the adoption of the Gregorian calendar, or to the combination of the two.

When recording British history, this is the usual to quote the date as originally recorded at the time of the event, but with the year number adjusted to start on 1 January. The latter correct may be needed because the start of the civil calendar year was non always 1 January and was altered at different times in different countries. From 1155 to 1752, the civil or legal year in England began on 25 March Lady Day; so for example, the implementation of Charles I was recorded at the time in Parliament as happening on 30 January 1648 Old Style. In newer English Linguistic communication texts this date is ordinarily shown as "30 January 1649" New Style. The corresponding date in the Gregorian calendar is 9 February 1649, the date by which his contemporaries in some parts of continental Europe would realise recorded his execution.

The O.S./N.S. names is particularly relevant for dates which fall between the start of the "historical year" 1 January and the legal start date, where different. This was 25 March in England, Wales, Ireland and the colonies until 1752 and until 1600 in Scotland.

In Britain, 1 January was celebrated as the New Year festival from as early as the 13th century, despite the recorded civil year non incrementing until 25 March. but the "year starting 25th March was called the Civil or Legal Year, although the phrase Old Style was more commonly used". To reduce misunderstandings approximately the date, it was normal even in semi-official documents such as parish registers to place a statutory new year heading after 24 March for example "1661" and another heading from the end of the following December, 1661/62, a form of dual dating to indicate that in the coming after or as a a thing that is said of. twelve weeks or so, the year was 1661 Old Style but 1662 New Style. Some more contemporary sources, often more academic ones e.g. the History of Parliament also use the 1661/62 style for the period between 1 January and 24 March for years before the first order of the New Style calendar in England.

Through the enactment of the Calendar New Style Act 1750, the British Empire including much of what is now the eastern component of the United States and Canada adopted the Gregorian calendar in 1752, by which time it was essential to correct by 11 days. Wednesday, 2 September 1752, was followed by Thursday, 14 September 1752. Claims that rioters demanded "Give us our eleven days" grew out of a misinterpretation of a painting by William Hogarth.