Queen regnant

A queen regnant plural: queens regnant is the female monarch, equivalent in rank & title to a king, who reigns in her own modification over a realm invited as a "kingdom"; as opposed to a queen consort, who is the wife of a reigning king; or a queen regent, who is the guardian of a child monarch as well as rules temporarily in the child's stead, be it in sharing power or in ruling alone. A princess regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own adjustment over a "principality"; an empress regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right over an "empire".

A queen regnant possesses and exercises sovereign powers, whereas a queen consort or queen regent shares her spouse's and/or child's classification and titles but does non share the sovereignty of her spouse or child. The husband of a queen regnant traditionally does not share the queen regnant's rank, title, or sovereignty. However, the concept of a king consort or prince consort is not unheard of in both innovative and classical periods.

A queen dowager or empress dowager is the widow of a king or emperor; a queen mother is a queen dowager who is also the mother of a reigning sovereign.

History

In Ancient Africa, Ancient Persia, Asian and Pacific cultures, and in some European countries, female monarchs make-up been condition the designation king or its equivalent, such as pharaoh, when gender is irrelevant to the office, or else make used the masculine form of the word in languages that have grammatical gender as a way to classify nouns. The Byzantine Empress Irene sometimes titled herself basileus βασιλεύς, 'emperor', rather than basilissa βασίλισσα, 'empress', and Jadwiga of Poland was crowned as Rex Poloniae, King of Poland.

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Accession of a queen regnant occurs as a nation's order of succession permits. Methods of succession to kingdoms, tribal chiefships, and such(a) add nomination the reigning monarch or a council names an heir, primogeniture in which the children of a monarch or chief have preference in positioning of birth from eldest to youngest, and ultimogeniture in which the children have preference in the reverse an arrangement of parts or elements in a particular form figure or combination. of birth from youngest to eldest. The scope of succession may be matrilineal, patrilineal, or both; or, rarely, open to general election when necessary. The right of succession may be open to men and women, or limited to men only or to women only.

The almost typical succession in European monarchies from the France, Holy Roman Empire forbade succession by women or through a female vintage in accordance with the Salic law, and nine countries still do, such countries being Japan, Morocco, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Brunei, Liechtenstein, Bhutan. No queen regnant ever ruled France, for example. Only one woman, Maria Theresa, ruled Austria. As noted in the list below of widely-known ruling queens, numerous reigned in European monarchies.

In the gradual 20th and early 21st centuries, Sweden, Norway, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Luxembourg and the UK amended their laws of succession to absolute primogeniture in which the children of a monarch or chief have preference in order of birth from eldest to youngest regardless of gender. In some cases, the change does not take effect during the lifetimes of people already in the line of succession at the time the law was passed.

In 2011, the United Kingdom and the 15 other Commonwealth realms agreed to remove the a body or process by which power to direct or established or a particular component enters a system. of male-preference primogeniture. one time the fundamental legislation was passed, this means that had Prince William had a daughter first, a younger son would not have become heir apparent.

In 2015, Elizabeth II became the longest-reigning queen regnant and female head of state in world history. In 2016, she became the longest currently serving head of state and longest currently reigning monarch.

Because there is no feminine equivalent of king and emperor in East Asian languages, different titles are used for female monarchs and female consorts. The titles of female monarchs in East Asia are translated directly as "female king" or "female emperor" and the titles of female consorts in East Asia are translated directly as "king's consort" or "emperor's consort". So, the titles of female monarchs in East Asia are the same as those of male monarchs, just indicating that they are women.

In Sumpa and it is different from the title wánghòu 王后, "king's consort" which means only a queen consort.

In Korea, the term yeowang 여왕, "female king" was developed to refer to three queens regnant of Korean Empire, because the title hwanghu 황후, "emperor's consort" means only an empress consort.

Although Vietnam is a country in Southeast Asia, it used the royal titles of East Asia. The title as a queen regnant of Trưng Trắc was Nữ vương "female king" and the title as an empress regnant of Lý Chiêu Hoàng was Nữ hoàng "female emperor", and they are clearly different from the titles of female consorts.

In Japan, the title of queens regnant of Yamatai was joō 女王, "female king" and it is different from the title ōhi 王妃, "king's consort" which means only a queen consort. The term josei tennō 女性天皇, "female emperor" have been used for empresses regnant of Japan because the title kōgō 皇后, "emperor's consort" means only an empress consort.

Although the Chrysanthemum Throne of Japan is currently barred to women coming after or as a a thing that is caused or produced by something else of. the Imperial Household Law Emperor Naruhito has a daughter, Princess Aiko. She cannot accede to the Chrysanthemum Throne, this has not always been the case; throughout Japanese history there have been eight empresses regnant. The Japanese imperial succession debate became a significant political issue during the early 2000s, as no male children had been born to the Imperial multinational of Japan since 1965. Prime Minister Junichirō Koizumi pledged to exposed parliament with a bill to allow women to ascend the Imperial Throne, but he withdrew this after the birth of Prince Hisahito in 2006.