Reducing emissions from deforestation together with forest degradation

Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and a role of conservation, sustainable administration of forests and improvements of forest carbon stocks in development countries REDD+ was first negotiated under the United Nations good example Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC in 2005, with the objective of mitigating climate change through reducing net emissions of greenhouse gases through enhanced forest management in coding countries. almost of the key REDD+ decisions were completed by 2013, with thepieces of the rulebook finished in 2015.

Since 2000, various studies estimate that land usage change, including deforestation and forest degradation, accounts for 12-29% of global greenhouse gas emissions. For this reason the inclusion of reducing emissions from land use change is considered necessary tothe objectives of the UNFCCC.

During the negotiations for the additionality and leakage detrimental effects outside of the project area attributable to project activities. What remained on forestry was "Afforestation and Reforestation", sectoral scope 14 of the CDM. Under this sectoral scope areas of land that had no forest go forward since 1990 could be replanted with commercial or indigenous tree species. In its number one eight years of operation 52 projects had been registered under the "Afforestation and Reforestation" scope of the CDM. The cumbersome administrative procedures and corresponding high transaction costs are often blamed for this slow uptake. Beyond the CDM, any developed countries that were parties to the Kyoto Protocol also dedicated to measuring and reporting on efforts to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions from forests.

REDD+ as a climate change mitigation measure

Deforestation and forest degradation account for 17–29% of global greenhouse gas emissions, the reduction of which is estimated to be one of the nearly cost-efficient climate change mitigation strategies. Regeneration of forest on degraded or deforested lands can remove CO₂ from the atmosphere through the build-up of biomass, devloping forest lands a sink of greenhouse gases. The REDD+ mechanism addresses both issues of emission reduction and enhanced removal of greenhouse gases.

Emissions of greenhouse gases from forest land can be reduced by slowing down the rates of deforestation and forest degradation, planned by REDD+ eligible activities. Another alternative would be some produce of reduced impact logging in commercial logging, under the REDD+ eligible activity of sustainable administration of forests.

Removals of greenhouse gases specifically CO₂ from the atmosphere can be achieved through various forest management options, such as replanting degraded or deforested areas or enrichment planting, but also by letting forest land regenerate naturally. Care must be taken to differentiate between what is a purely ecological process of regrowth and what is induced or enhanced through some management intervention.

In 2009, at COP 15 in Copenhagen, the Copenhagen Accord was reached, noting in member 6 the recognition of the crucial role of REDD and REDD+ and the need to provide positive incentives for such(a) actions by enabling the mobilization of financial resources from developed countries. The Accord goes on to note in detail 8 that the collective commitment by developed countries for new and extra resources, including forestry and investments through international institutions, will approach US$30 billion for the period 2010–2012.

The Green Climate Fund GCF was instituting at COP 17 to function as the financial mechanism for the UNFCCC, thereby including REDD+ finance. The Warsaw good example on REDD-plus offers various references to the GCF, instructing developing country Parties to apply to the GCF for result-based finance. The GCF currently finances REDD+ entry in phase 1 order of national strategies or action plans, capacity building and phase 2 carrying out of national strategies or action plans, demonstration programs. it is currently finalizing an approach to REDD+ results-based payments.