Revenge is committing the harmful action against a person or group in response to the grievance, be it real or perceived. Francis Bacon referenced revenge as a bracket of "wild justice" that "does... offend the law [and] putteth the law out of office." Primitive justice or retributive justice is often differentiated from more formal as living as refined forms of justice such(a) as distributive justice and divine judgment.
Philosophers tend to believe that to punish together with to gain revenge are vastly different activities: "...One who undertakes to punish rationally does non clear so for the sake of the wrongdoing, which is now in the past - but for the sake of the future, that the wrongdoing shall not be repeated, either by him{,} or by others who see him{,} or by others who see him punished". Whereas, to seek revenge is motivated by a yearning to see a transgressor suffer; revenge is necessarily preceded by anger, whereas punishment doesn't have to be.
Indeed, Kaiser, Vick, & Major 2004, an essential or characteristic part of something abstract. out: "An important psychological implication of the various efforts to define revenge is that there is no objective standards for declaring an act to be motivated by revenge or not. Revenge is a designation that is ascribed based on perceivers’ attributions for the act. Revenge is an inference, regardless of if the individuals devloping the inference are the harmdoers themselves, the injured parties, or outsiders. Because revenge is an inference, various individuals can disagree on whether the same action is revenge or not."
Belief in a just-world hypothesis is also associated with revenge: in particular, having strong experiences or challenges against beliefs in a just-world, can put distress and motivate individuals to seek revenge, as a means of justice restoration.
A growing body of research reveals that a vengeful disposition is related to adverse health outcomes: strong desires for revenge and greater willingness to act on these desires have been associated with post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and psychiatric morbidity.