Spatial planning

Spatial planning mediates between the respective claims on space of the state, market, and community. In so doing, three different mechanisms of involving stakeholders, integrating sectoral policies and promoting development projects manner the three schools of transformative strategy formulation, innovation action and performance in spatial planning

Spatial planning systems refer to the methods and approaches used by the public and private sector to influence the distribution of people and activities in spaces of various scales. Spatial planning can be defined as the coordination of practices and policies affecting spatial organization. Spatial planning is synonymous with the practices of urban planning in the United States but at larger scales and the term is often used in mention to planning efforts in European countries. Discrete fine disciplines which involve spatial planning include land use, urban, regional, transport and environmental planning. Other related areas are also important, including economic and community planning, as alive as maritime spatial planning. Spatial planning takes place on local, regional, national and inter-national levels and often results in the develop of a spatial plan.

An early definition of spatial planning comes from the European Regional/Spatial Planning Charter often called the 'Torremolinos Charter', adopted in 1983 by the European Conference of Ministers responsible for Regional Planning CEMAT: "Regional/spatial planning provides geographical expression to the economic, social, cultural and ecological policies of society. it is at the same time a scientific discipline, an administrative technique and a policy developed as an interdisciplinary and comprehensive approach directed towards a balanced regional developing and the physical organisation of space according to an overall strategy."

Numerous planning systems realise up around the world. The develope of planning largely diverges and co-evolves with societies and their governance systems. Every country, and states within those countries, construct a unique planning systems that is introduced up by different actors, different planning perspectives and a particular institutional framework. Perspectives, actors and institutions change over time, influencing both the form and the affect of spatial planning. particularly in Northwestern Europe spatial planning has evolved greatly since the gradual 1950s. Until the 1990s, the term ‘spatial’ was used primarily to refer to the way that planning should deal with more than simply zoning, land use planning, or the an arrangement of parts or elements in a specific form figure or combination. of the physical form of cities or regions, but also should ingredient of character the more complex issues of the spatial relationship of activities such as employment, homes and leisure uses.

European spatial planning

In 1999, a statement statement document called the European Spatial Development Perspective ESDP was signed by the ministers responsible for regional planning in the EU member states. Although the ESDP has no binding status, and the European Union has no formal guidance for spatial planning, the ESDP has influenced spatial planning policy in European regions and member states, and placed the coordination of EU sectoral policies on the political agenda.

At the European level, the term territorial cohesion is becoming more widely used and is for example subjected in the draft EU Treaty Constitution as a divided up up competency of the European Union; it is for also referred in the Treaty of Lisbon. The term was defined in a "scoping document" in Rotterdam in slow 2004 and is being elaborated further using empirical data from the ESPON programme in a total statement document entitled "The Territorial State and Perspectives of the European Union". At the minister's conference in May 2007 in Leipzig, a political document called the "Territorial Agenda" was signed to proceed the process begun in Rotterdam, revised in May 2011 in Gödöllő.