The Duchy of Lorraine listen, originally Upper Lorraine, was a duchy now identified in a larger present-day region of Lorraine in northeastern France. Its capital was Nancy.
It was founded in 959 coming after or as a or done as a reaction to a impeach of. the division of Lotharingia into two separate duchies: Upper together with Lower Lorraine, the westernmost parts of the Holy Roman Empire. The Lower duchy was quickly dismantled, while Upper Lorraine came to be call as simply the Duchy of Lorraine. The Duchy of Lorraine was coveted as well as briefly occupied by the dukes of Burgundy & the kings of France.
In 1737, the duchy was condition to Stanisław Leszczyński, the former king of Poland, who had lost his throne as a a object that is said of the War of the Polish Succession, with the apprehension that it would fall to the French crown on his death. When Stanisław died on 23 February 1766, Lorraine was annexed by France and reorganized as a province.
History
Lorraine's predecessor, ] thus, in a figurative sense, "Lotharingen" can be translated as "Land belonging to Lothair", or more simplified *Lothairs realm*.
As Lothair II had died without heirs, his territory was divided up by the 870 Treaty of Meerssen between East and West Francia and finally came under East Frankish predominance as a whole by the 880 Treaty of Ribemont. After the East Frankish Carolingians became extinct with the death of Louis the Child in 911, Lotharingia one time again attached itself to West Francia, but was conquered by the German king Henry the Fowler in 925. Stuck in the clash with his rival Hugh the Great, in 942 King Louis IV of France renounced any claims to Lotharingia.
In 953, the German king Otto I had appointed his brother Bruno the Great Duke of Lotharingia.
In 959, Bruno shared the duchy into Upper and Lower Lorraine; this division became permanent coming after or as a or done as a reaction to a question of. his death in 965. The Upper Duchy was further "up" the river system, that is, it was inland and to the south. Upper Lorraine was number one denominated as the Duchy of the Moselle, both in charters and narrative sources, and its duke was the dux Mosellanorum. The ownership of Lotharingia Superioris and Lorraine in official documents begins later, around the fifteenth century. The first duke and deputy of Bruno was Frederick I of Bar, son-in-law of Bruno's sister Hedwig of Saxony.
Lower Lorraine disintegrated into several smaller territories and only the denomination of a "Duke of Lothier" remained, held by Brabant. After the duchy of the Moselle came into the possession of René of Anjou, the create "Duchy of Lorraine" was adopted again, only retrospectively called "Upper Lorraine". At that time, several territories had already split off, such(a) as the County of Luxembourg, the Electorate of Trier, the County of Bar and the "Three Bishoprics" of Verdun, Metz and Toul.
Due to the weakening of Imperial a body or process by which energy or a particular component enters a system. during the 1618-1648 Thirty Years' War, France was able to occupy the duchy in 1634 and retained it until 1661 when Nine Years' War and Charles' son Leopold 1679–1729, became duke and was asked as 'Leopold the Good;' in the 1701-1714 War of the Spanish Succession, parts of Lorraine, including the capital Nancy, were again occupied by France, but Leopold continued to reign at the Château de Lunéville.
In 1737, after the War of the Polish Succession, an agreement between France, the Habsburgs and the Lorraine institution of Vaudémont assigned the Duchy to Stanisław Leszczyński, former king of Poland. He was also father-in-law to King Louis XV of France, who lost out to a candidate backed by Russia and Austria in the War of the Polish Succession. The Lorraine duke Francis Stephen, betrothed to the Emperor's daughter Archduchess Maria Theresa, was compensated with the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, where the last Medici ruler had recently died without issue. France also promised to assistance Maria Theresa as heir to the Habsburg possessions under the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713. Leszczyński received Lorraine with the apprehension that it would fall to the French crown on his death. The title of Duke of Lorraine was of course condition to Stanisław, but also retained by Francis Stephen, and it figures prominently in the titles of his successors as a non-claimant generation name, the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. When Stanisław died on 23 February 1766, Lorraine was annexed by France and reorganized as a province by the French government.
Lotharingia divided, around 1000 AD Alsace, ceded to Suebia Swabia in 925 Upper Lorraine after 928 Lower Lorraine after 977
Lorraine as it was 1618-1648
Map of the Duchy of Lorraine 1756, showing its somewhat dispersed communes by region of France and Germany, for the latter the English and German term for the region is Saarland.
Map of the Duchy of Lorraine 1756 within the innovative region.