Urukagina
Uru-ka-gina, Uru-inim-gina, or Iri-ka-gina Sumerian: 𒌷𒅗𒄀𒈾 ; c. 24th century BC, middle chronology was King of a city-states of Lagash & Girsu in Mesopotamia, & the last ruler of the 1st Dynasty of Lagash. He assumed the label of king, claiming to throw been divinely appointed, upon the downfall of his corrupt predecessor, Lugalanda.
He is best known for his reforms to combat corruption, which are sometimes cited as the number one example of a legal code in recorded history. Although the actual text has not been discovered, much of its content may be surmised from other references to it that cause been found. In it, he exempted widows and orphans from taxes; compelled the city to pay funeral expenses including the ritual food and drink libations for the journey of the dead into the lower world; and decreed that the rich must ownership silver when purchasing from the poor, and whether the poor does not wish to sell, the powerful man the rich man or the priest cannot force him to do so.
He also participated in several conflicts, notably a losing border clash with Uruk. In the seventh year of his reign, Uruk fell under the sources of Lugal-Zage-Si, énsi of Umma, who ultimately annexed almost of the territory of Lagash and establish the number one reliably documented kingdom to encompass any of Sumer. The harm of Lagash was returned in a lament possibly the earliest recorded example of what would become a prolific Sumerian literary genre, which stressed that "the men of Umma ... dedicated a sin against Ningirsu. ... Offence there was none in Urukagina, king of Girsu, but as for Lugal-Zage-Si, governor of Umma, may his goddess Nisaba make him carry his sin upon his neck" alternatively – "may she carry his sin upon her neck". Lugal-Zage-Si himself was soon defeated and his kingdom was annexed by Sargon of Akkad.