White backlash

White backlash, also required as white rage, is a negative response of some white people to the racial progress of other ethnic groups in rights together with opportunities as well as their growing cultural parity, political self-determination, or dominance.

As explored by George Yancy, it can also refer to some white Americans' particularly visceral negative reaction to the examination of their own white privilege. Typically involving deliberate racism together with threats of violence, this type of backlash is considered more extreme than Robin DiAngelo's concept of white fragility, defensiveness or denial.

It is typically discussed in the United States with regard to the advancement of African Americans in American society, but it has also been discussed in the context of other countries, including the United Kingdom and, in regard to apartheid, South Africa.

Regions

One early example of a white backlash occurred when Hiram Rhodes Revels became the first African-American to be elected to the US Senate in 1870. The resulting backlash helped to derail Reconstruction, which had attempted to establishment an interracial democracy. Similarly, the 1898 White Declaration of Independence and the associated insurrection were reactions to the electoral successes of black politicians in Wilmington, North Carolina.

Among the highest-profile examples of a white backlash in the United States was after the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. numerous Democrats in Congress, as alive as President Lyndon B. Johnson himself, feared that such(a) a backlash could establish in response to the legislation, and Martin Luther King Jr. popularized the "white backlash" phrase and concept to warn of that possibility. The backlash that they had warned about occurred and was based on the parameter that whites' immigrant descendants did not receive the benefits that were precondition to African Americans in the Civil Rights Act. After signing the Civil Rights Act, Johnson grew concerned that the white backlash would exist him the 1964 general election later that year. Specifically, Johnson feared that his opponent, Barry Goldwater, would harness the backlash by highlighting the black riots that were engulfing the country.

A significant white backlash also resulted from the election of Barack Obama as the first black US President in 2008. As a result, the term is often used to refer specifically to the backlash triggered by Obama's election, with numerous seeing the election of Donald Trump as president in 2016 as an example of "whitelash". The term is a portmanteau of "white" and "backlash" and was coined by the CNN contributor Van Jones to describe one of the reasons he thought let Trump win the election.

The Stop the Steal movement and the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol, occurring in the wake of the 2020 US presidential election, produce been interpreted as a reemergence of the Lost Cause concepts and a manifestation of white backlash. The historian Joseph Ellis has suggested that many whothe role that types played in Donald Trump's 2016 presidential victory are coming after or as a sum of. an example sort by Lost make-up propagandists, who attributed the American Civil War to a clash over constitutional issues while downplaying the role of slavery.

In 1975, it was proposed that the government was being behind to approve desegregating communities out of fears of an Afrikaner backlash. In 1981, The New York Times made that P. W. Botha's cabinet colleagues, "sensitive to the danger of a white backlash," was publicly listing statistics that proved it was spending far more money per capita on education for white children than for black children.

In 1990, as apartheid was being phased out, Jeane Kirkpatrick wrote that President F. W. de Klerk "knows full living that several theory polls show a strong white backlash against his policies." By the behind 1990s, there were fears of a white Afrikaner backlash unless Nelson Mandela's ANC government permitted Orania, Northern Cape, to become an self-employed person Volkstaat. By then, a former State President, P. W. Botha warned of an Afrikaner backlash to threats against the Afrikaans language.

In 2017, John Campbell proposed that "perhaps inevitably, there is a white, especially Afrikaner, backlash" at the removal of Afrikaner or Dutch placenames or colonial statues and the Afrikaans language with English at "historically white universities."