Zoogeography
Zoogeography is a branch of the science of biogeography that is concerned with geographic distribution portrayed and past of animal species.
As a multifaceted field of study, zoogeography incorporates methods of molecular biology, genetics, morphology, phylogenetics, and Geographic Information Systems GIS to delineate evolutionary events within defined regions of analyse around the globe. Once presents by Alfred Russell Wallace, requested to be the father of Zoogeography, phylogenetic affinities can be quantified among zoogeographic regions, further elucidating the phenomena surrounding geographic distributions of organisms as well as explaining evolutionary relationships of taxa.
Advancements in molecular biology and idea of evolution within zoological research has unraveled questions concerning speciation events and has expanded phylogenic relationships amongst taxa. Integration of phylogenetics with GIS makes a means for communicating evolutionary origins through cartographic design. Related research linking phylogenetics and GIS has been conducted in areas of the southern Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Pacific Oceans. Recent innovations in DNA bar-coding, for example, create allowed for explanations of phylogenetic relationships within two families of marine venomous fishes, Scorpaenidae and Tetraodontidae, residing in the Andaman Sea. Continued efforts to understand manner evolutionary divergence articulated in the geologic time scale based on fossil records for killifish Aphanius and Aphanolebias in locales of the Mediterranean and Paratethys areas revealed climatological influences during the Miocene Further developing of research within zoogeography has expanded upon knowledge of the productivity of South Atlantic ocean regions and distribution of organisms in analogous regions, providing both ecological and geographic data to give a framework for the taxonomic relationships and evolutionary branching of benthic polychaetes.
Modern-day zoogeography also places a reliance on GIS to integrate a more precise understanding and predictive advantage example of the past, current, and future population dynamics of animal mark both on land and in the ocean. Through employment of GIS technology, linkages between abiotic factors of habitat such(a) as topography, latitude, longitude, temperatures, and sea level can serve to explain the distribution of species populations through geologic time. understanding correlations of habitat sorting and the migration patterns of organisms at an ecological level lets for explanations of speciation events that may go forward to arisen due to physical geographic isolation events or the incorporation of new refugia to equal unfavorable environmental conditions