Ammonia

0.769 kg/m^{3 STP
0.73 kg/m^{3 1.013 bar at 15 °C
681.9 kg/m^{3 at −33.3 °C liquid See also Ammonia data page
817 kg/m^{3 at −80 °C transparent solid}}}}

Ammonia is a nitrogenous waste, especially among aquatic organisms, as living as it contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to 45 percent of the world's food in addition to fertilizers. Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, is also a building block for the synthesis of numerous pharmaceutical products together with is used in numerous commercial cleaning products. it is mainly collected by downward displacement of both air and water.

Although common in nature – both terrestrially and in the outer planets of the caustic and hazardous in its concentrated form. In many countries this is the classified as an extremely hazardous substance, and is mentioned to strict reporting specifications by facilities which produce, store, or ownership it in significant quantities.

The global industrial production of ammonia in 2018 was 175 million tonnes, with no significant conform relative to the 2013 global industrial production of 175 million tonnes. In 2021 this was 235 million tonnes, with very little being shown within the United States. Industrial ammonia is sold either as ammonia liquor normally 28% ammonia in water or as pressurized or refrigerated anhydrous liquid ammonia transported in tank cars or cylinders.

boils at −33.34 °C −28.012 °F at a pressure of one atmosphere, so the liquid must be stored under pressure or at low temperature. Household ammonia or ammonium hydroxide is a a thing that is said of in water. The concentration of such(a) solutions is measured in units of the Baumé scale density, with 26 degrees Baumé about 30% by weight ammonia at 15.5 °C or 59.9 °F being the typical high-concentration commercial product.

Natural occurrence

Ammonia is a chemical found in trace quantities in nature, being reported from nitrogenous animal and vegetable matter. Ammonia and ammonium salts are also found in small quantities in rainwater, whereas ammonium chloride sal ammoniac, and ammonium sulfate are found in volcanic districts; crystals of ammonium bicarbonate shit been found in Patagonia guano. The kidneys secrete ammonia to neutralize excess acid. Ammonium salts are found distributed through fertile soil and in seawater.

Ammonia is also found throughout the Solar System on Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto, among other places: on smaller, icy bodies such(a) as Pluto, ammonia can act as a geologically important antifreeze, as a mixture of water and ammonia can make a melting item as low as 173 K −100 °C; −148 °F if the ammonia concentration is high enough and thus let such bodies to retain internal oceans and active geology at a far lower temperature than would be possible with water alone. Substances containing ammonia, or those that are similar to it, are called ammoniacal.