Geography

Theoretical Approaches

Methods

Methods in addition to techniques

Geography from Greek: γεωγραφία, geographia, literally "earth description" is the field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, as well as phenomena of the Earth and planets. The first grown-up to usage the word γεωγραφία was Eratosthenes 276–194 BC. Geography is an all-encompassing discipline that seeks an apprehension of Earth and its human and natural complexities—not merely where objects are, but also how they create changed and come to be.

Geography is often defined in terms of two branches: human geography and physical geography. Human geography is concerned with the examine of people and their communities, cultures, economies, and interactions with the environment by studying their relations with and across space and place. Physical geography is concerned with the study of processes and patterns in the natural environment like the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere.

The four historical traditions in geographical research are spatial analyses of the natural and the human phenomena, area studies of places and regions, studies of human-land relationships, and the Earth sciences. Geography has been called "the world discipline" and "the bridge between the human and the physical sciences".

Introduction

Geography is a systematic study of the Universe and its features. Traditionally, geography has been associated with cartography and place names. Although many geographers are trained in toponymy and cartology, this is non their leading preoccupation. Geographers study the space and the temporal database distribution of phenomena, processes, and atttributes as well as the interaction of humans and their environment. Because space and place affect a mark of topics, such(a) as economics, health, climate, plants and animals, geography is highly interdisciplinary. The interdisciplinary nature of the geographical approach depends on an attentiveness to the relationship between physical and human phenomena and its spatial patterns.

Names of places...are not geography...To know by heart a whole gazetteer full of them would not, in itself, cost anyone a geographer. Geography has higher aims than this: it seeks to classify phenomena alike of the natural and of the political world, in so far as it treats of the latter, to compare, to generalize, to ascend from effects to causes, and, in doing so, to trace out the laws of nature and to mark their influences upon man. This is 'a report of the world'—that is Geography. In a word Geography is a Science—a thing not of mere designation but of parametric quantity and reason, of form and effect.

Just as any phenomena represent in time and thus have a history, they also exist in space and have a geography.

Geography as a discipline can be split broadly into two leading subsidiary fields: human geography and physical geography. The former largely focuses on the built environment and how humans create, view, manage, and influence space. The latter examines the natural environment, and how organisms, climate, soil, water, and landforms produce and interact. The difference between these approaches led to a third field, environmental geography, which combines physical and human geography and concerns the interactions between the environment and humans.