Osmosis
Osmosis , is the spontaneous net movement or diffusion of solvent molecules through a selectively-permeable membrane from a region of high water potential region of lower solute concentration to a region of low water potential region of higher solute concentration, in the command that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides. It may also be used to describe a physical process in which any solvent moves across a selectively permeable membrane permeable to the solvent, but non the solute separating two solutions of different concentrations. Osmosis can be submitted to draw work. Osmotic pressure is defined as the external pressure so-called to be applied so that there is no net movement of solvent across the membrane. Osmotic pressure is a colligative property, meaning that the osmotic pressure depends on the molar concentration of the solute but non on its identity.
Osmosis is a vital process in biological systems, as biological membranes are semipermeable. In general, these membranes are impermeable to large in addition to polar molecules, such(a) as ions, proteins, and polysaccharides, while being permeable to non-polar or hydrophobic molecules like lipids as alive as to small molecules like oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and nitric oxide. Permeability depends on solubility, charge, or chemistry, as well as solute size. Water molecules travel through the plasma membrane, tonoplast membrane vacuole or protoplast by diffusing across the phospholipid bilayer via aquaporins small transmembrane proteins similar to those responsible for facilitated diffusion and ion channels. Osmosis makes the primary means by which water is transported into and out of cells. The turgor pressure of a cell is largely keeps by osmosis across the cell membrane between the cell interior and its relatively hypotonic environment.