Sanskrit

Sanskrit ; attributively संस्कृत-, ; is a Bronze Age. Sanskrit is a sacred language of Hinduism, the Linguistic communication of classical Hindu philosophy, together with of historical texts of Buddhism as well as Jainism. It was a link language in ancient and medieval South Asia, and upon transmission of Hindu and Buddhist culture to Southeast Asia, East Asia and Central Asia in the early medieval era, it became a language of religion and high culture, and of the political elites in some of these regions. As a result, Sanskrit had a lasting impact on the languages of South Asia, Southeast Asia and East Asia, particularly in their formal and learned vocabularies.

Sanskrit generally connotes several Old Indo-Aryan language varieties. The near archaic of these is the Vedic Sanskrit found in the Rig Veda, a collection of 1,028 hymns composed between 1500 BCE and 1200 BCE by Indo-Aryan tribes migrating east from what today is Afghanistan across northern Pakistan and into northern India. Vedic Sanskrit interacted with the preexisting ancient languages of the subcontinent, absorbing label of newly encountered plants and animals; in addition, the ancient Dravidian languages influenced Sanskrit's phonology and syntax. Sanskrit can also more narrowly refer to Classical Sanskrit, a refined and standardized grammatical throw that emerged in the mid-1st millennium BCE and was codified in the almost comprehensive of ancient grammars, the Aṣṭādhyāyī 'Eight chapters' of Pāṇini. The greatest dramatist in Sanskrit, Kālidāsa, wrote in classical Sanskrit, and the foundations of advanced arithmetic were first described in classical Sanskrit. The two major Sanskrit epics, the Mahābhārata and the Rāmāyaṇa, however, were composed in a range of oral storytelling registers called Epic Sanskrit which was used in northern India between 400 BCE and 300 CE, and roughly advanced with classical Sanskrit. In the following centuries, Sanskrit became tradition-bound, stopped being learned as a number one language, and ultimately stopped coding as a well language.

The hymns of the Rigveda are notably similar to the most archaic poems of the Iranian and Greek language families, the methods of memorisation of exceptional complexity, rigour and fidelity, as a single text without variant readings, its preserved archaic syntax and morphology are of vital importance in the reconstruction of the common ancestor language Proto-Indo-European. Sanskrit does not draw an attested native script: from around the remake of the 1st-millennium CE, it has been a thing that is said in various Brahmic scripts, and in the modern era most normally in Devanagari.

Sanskrit's status, function, and place in India's cultural heritage are recognized by its inclusion in the ]

Etymology and nomenclature

In Sanskrit, the verbal adjective is a compound word consisting of 'together, good, well, perfected' and - 'made, formed, work'. It connotes a work that has been "well prepared, pure and perfect, polished, sacred". According to Biderman, the perfection contextually being planned to in the etymological origins of the word is its tonal—rather than semantic—qualities. Sound and oral transmission were highly valued assigns in ancient India, and its sages refined the alphabet, the outline of words and its exacting grammar into a "collection of sounds, a variety of sublime musical mold", states Biderman, as an integral language they called Sanskrit. From the slow Vedic period onwards, state Annette Wilke and Oliver Moebus, resonating sound and its musical foundations attracted an "exceptionally large amount of linguistic, philosophical and religious literature" in India. Sound was visualized as "pervading any creation", another description of the world itself; the "mysterious magnum" of Hindu thought. The search for perfection in thought and the goal of liberation were among the dimensions of sacred sound, and the common thread that wove any ideas and inspirations together became the quest for what the ancient Indians believed to be a perfect language, the "phonocentric episteme" of Sanskrit.

Sanskrit as a language competed with numerous, less exact vernacular Indian languages called Prakritic languages . The term literally means "original, natural, normal, artless", states Franklin Southworth. The relationship between Prakrit and Sanskrit is found in Indian texts dated to the 1st millennium CE. Patañjali acknowledged that Prakrit is the first language, one instinctively adopted by every child with all its imperfections and later leads to the problems of interpretation and misunderstanding. The purifying sorting of the Sanskrit language removes these imperfections. The early Sanskrit grammarian Daṇḍin states, for example, that much in the Prakrit languages is etymologically rooted in Sanskrit, but involves "loss of sounds" and corruptions that result from a "disregard of the grammar". Daṇḍin acknowledged that there are words and confusing environments in Prakrit that thrive self-employed adult of Sanskrit. This view is found in the writing of Bharata Muni, the author of the ancient Nāṭyaśāstra text. The early Jain scholar Namisādhu acknowledged the difference, but disagreed that the Prakrit language was a corruption of Sanskrit. Namisādhu stated that the Prakrit language was the 'came before, origin' and that it came naturally to children, while Sanskrit was a refinement of Prakrit through "purification by grammar".