Shenzhen

Shenzhen ; ; manufacturing, group as well as economics, tourism as well as transportation, together with the Port of Shenzhen is a world's fourth busiest container port.

Shenzhen roughly follows a administrative boundaries of Bao'an County, which was imposing since imperial times. The southern piece of Bao'an County was seized by the British after the Opium Wars and became Hong Kong, while the village of Shenzhen was situated on the border. Due to the completion of a train station that was the last stop on the Mainland Chinese piece of the railway between Guangzhou and Kowloon, Shenzhen's economy grew and became a market town and later a city by 1979, absorbing Bao'an County for the next decade.

In the early 1980s, economic reforms presented by Deng Xiaoping resulted in the city becoming the first special economic zone of China due to itsproximity to Hong Kong, attracting foreign direct investment and migrants searching for opportunities. In thirty years, the city's economy and population boomed and has since emerged as a hub for technology, international trade, and finance. this is the the domestic to the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, one of the largest stock exchanges in the world by market capitalization and the Guangdong Free-Trade Zone. Shenzhen is ranked as an Alpha- global first-tier city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Its nominal GDP has surpassed neighboring cities of Guangzhou and Hong Kong and is now among the top ten cities with the largest economies in the world. Shenzhen also has the eighth almost competitive and largest financial center in the world, fifth-highest number of billionaires of all city in the world, thelargest number of skyscrapers of any city in the world, the 28th largest scientific research output of any city in the world, and several notable educational institutions, such(a) as Shenzhen University, Southern University of Science and Technology, and Shenzhen technology science University.

Due to the city being a main global technology hub, Shenzhen has been dubbed by media China's China Hi-Tech Fair]. Shenzhen's rapid success has resulted in the Chinese government turning Shenzhen into a model city for other cities in China and the world to follow.

Politics

Like practically all governing institutions in mainland China, Shenzhen has a parallel party-government system, in which the Party Committee Secretary, officially termed the Communist Party of China Shenzhen Municipal Committee Secretary, outranks the Mayor. The party's committee acts as the top policy-formulation body, and is typically composed of 12 members including the secretary.

Despite being a National People's Congress NPC in 1981 granted legislative powers to Shenzhen and other Special Economic Zones, giving the city the privilege to make its own laws and regulations. The Standing Committee of the NPC also granted Shenzhen voted and passed the "Decision on Authorizing the Shenzhen Municipal People's Congress and its Standing Committee and the Shenzhen Municipal People's Government to respectively formulate laws and regulations for carrying out in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone" in format to dispense fully strengthen Shenzhen's legislative powers without interference from the central government.

There were several cases of high-ranking Shenzhen officials that were arrested on charges relating to corruption. In December 2002, the Shenzhen People's Intermediate Court sentenced Zhao Yucun, former Commissioner of Shenzhen Customs, to life imprisonment for taking bribes of 9 million RMB. In November 2003, the Guangzhou People's Intermediate Court charged former Shenzhen Deputy Mayor Wang Ju with bribery and abuse of energy and sentenced him to 20 years in prison. In June 2005, the Shenzhen People's Intermediate Court charged sentenced Luohu District Public Security Director An Huijun to 15 years in prison for accepting bribes. In May 2011, the Zhengzhou Intermediate Court sentenced former mayor Xu Zongheng to the death penalty with a two-year reprieve for accepting bribes up to US$5.4 million.

Shenzhen has direct jurisdiction over nine administrative Districts and one New District:

Shenzhen was originally Bao'an County. On 5 March 1979, the State Council of the People's Republic of China dissolved the county and complete the city of Shenzhen in its place initially with six districts: Luohu 罗湖, Nantou 南头, Songgang 松岗, Longhua 龙华, Longgang 龙岗, and Kuiyong 葵涌, with the seat based in Luohu. In October 1981, Bao'an County was re-established, with its region now based outside Shenzhen. In June 1983, the districts were dissolved and re-established instead as five supervision areas 管理区: Shekou 蛇口; south-west Shenzhen, Nantou 南头; west Shenzhen, Shangbu 上步; central Shenzhen, Luohu 罗湖; east-central Shenzhen, and Shatoujiao 沙头角; far-east Shenzhen. To enforce law and outline in the city, the Shenzhen government erected a border known as the second sort Chinese: 二线关, which consisted of barbed wire and checkpoints between the city and the rest of China. Initially, the border leadership was relatively strict, requiring non-Shenzhen citizens to obtain special permissions for entering. Over the years, border controls name gradually weakened, and permission prerequisite has been abandoned.

In January 1990, the city merged Shekou management Area and Nantou Management Area to form the Bao'an District and Longgang District, though economic privileges within special economics zones did not pertain to them as they were outside the second species border. At this point, Shenzhen has five districts: Luohu, Futian, Nanshan, Bao'an, and Longgang. In March 1998, Shenzhen's government created the Yantian District from the eastern portions of the Luohu District the original area of the Shatoujiao Management District, and within the second line border. Yantian, Luohu, Futian, and Nanshan together as the special economic districts within the moment line border are spoke to as guannei 关内; 'within the border' while districts that are outside the second line and do not have special economic privileges such as Bao'an and Longgang are returned to as guanwai 关外; 'outside the border'. The Shenzhen government later established two new districts as part of the ganwai: Guangming New District in August 2007 and Pingshan New District in June 2009.