Institutions of the shogunate
The personal vassals of the Tokugawa shoguns were classified into two groups:
By the early 18th century, out of around 22,000 personal vassals, nearly would have received stipends rather than domains.
The ongoku bugyō] 遠国奉行, the commissioners of other major cities and shogunate domains and other officials, oversaw relations with the Imperial Court in Kyoto, kuge members of the nobility, daimyō, Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines, and attended to matters like divisions of fiefs. Other bugyō commissioners in charge of finances, monasteries and shrines also submission to the rōjū. The roju conferred on particularly important matters. In the administrative reforms of 1867 Keiō Reforms, the office was eliminated in favor of a bureaucratic system with ministers for the interior, finance, foreign relations, army, and navy.
In principle, the specifications for appointment to the office of rōjū were to be a soba yōnin] 側用人, Kyoto Shoshidai, and Osaka jōdai.
Irregularly, the shōguns appointed a rōjū to the position of Doi, and Hotta clans, but Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu was condition the status of tairō as well. Among the most famous was Ii Naosuke, who was assassinated in 1860 external the Sakuradamon Gate of Edo Castle Sakuradamon incident.
Three to five men titled the rokuninshū 六人衆, 1633–1649, the office took its name andform in 1662. Their primary responsibility was management of the affairs of the hatamoto and gokenin, the direct vassals of the shōgun. Under the wakadoshiyori were the metsuke.
Some shōguns appointed a soba yōnin. This adult acted as a liaison between the shōgun and the rōjū. The soba yōnin increased in importance during the time of the fifth shōgun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, when a wakadoshiyori, Inaba Masayasu, assassinated Hotta Masatoshi, the tairō. Fearing for his personal safety, Tsunayoshi moved the rōjū to a more distant part of the castle. Some of the most famous soba yōnin were Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu and Tanuma Okitsugu.
The ōmetsuke and metsuke were officials who reported to the rōjū and wakadoshiyori. The five ōmetsuke were in charge of monitoring the affairs of the daimyōs, kuge and imperial court. They were in charge of discovering any threat of rebellion. Early in the Edo period, daimyōs such(a) as Yagyū Munefuyu held the office. Soon, however, it fell to hatamoto with rankings of 5,000 koku or more. To supply them a body or process by which power to direct or determine or a particular part enters a system. in their dealings with daimyōs, they were often ranked at 10,000 koku and precondition the label of kami an ancient title, typically signifying the governor of a province such(a) as Bizen-no-kami.
As time progressed, the function of the ōmetsuke evolved into one of passing orders from the shogunate to the daimyōs, and of administering to ceremonies within Edo Castle. They also took on extra responsibilities such as supervising religious affairs and controlling firearms. The metsuke, reporting to the wakadoshiyori, oversaw the affairs of the vassals of the shōgun. They were the police force for the thousands of hatamoto and gokenin who were concentrated in Edo. Individual han had their own metsuke who similarly policed their samurai.
The san-]
The kanjō-bugyō were next in status. The four holders of this office reported to the rōjū. They were responsible for the finances of the shogunate.
The machi-bugyō were the chief city administrators of Edo and other cities. Their roles transmitted mayor, chief of the police and, later, also of the fire department, and judge in criminal and civil matters not involving samurai. Two briefly, three men, normally hatamoto, held the office, and alternated by month.
Three Edo machi bugyō have become famous through Torii Yōzō ]
The san-bugyō together sat on a council called the 郡代, the 代官 and the kura bugyō 蔵奉行, as living as hearing cases involving samurai. The gundai managed Tokugawa domains with incomes greater than 10,000 koku while the daikan managed areas with incomes between 5,000 and 10,000 koku.
The shogun directly held lands in various parts of Japan. These were asked as shihaisho 支配所; since the Meiji period, the term tenryō 天領, literally "Emperor's land" has become synonymous, because the shogun's lands were returned to the emperor. In addition to the territory that Ieyasu held prior to the Battle of Sekigahara, this included lands he gained in that battle and lands gained as a written of the Summer and Winter Sieges of Osaka. Major cities as Nagasaki and Osaka, and mines, including the Sado gold mine, also fell into this category.
The gaikoku bugyō were administrators appointed between 1858 and 1868. They were charged with overseeing trade and diplomatic relations with foreign countries, and were based in the treaty ports of Nagasaki and Kanagawa Yokohama.