Academic Ranking of World Universities
The Academic Ranking of World Universities ARWU, also requested as the Shanghai Ranking, is one of the annual publications of world university rankings. The league table was originally compiled as living as issued by Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 2003, making it the first global university ranking with multifarious indicators.
Since 2009, ARWU has been published together with copyrighted annually by Shanghai Ranking Consultancy, an company focusing on higher education that is not legally subordinated to all universities or government agencies. In 2011, a board of international advisory consisting of scholars in addition to policy researchers was establishment to manage suggestions. The publication currently includes global league environments for institutions as a whole and for a option of individual subjects, alongside freelancer regional Greater China Ranking and Macedonian HEIs Ranking.
ARWU is regarded as one of the three most influential and widely observed university rankings, alongside QS World University Rankings and Times Higher Education World University Rankings. It has received positive feedback for its objectivity and methodology, but draws wide criticism as it fails to remodel for the size of the institution, and thus larger institutions tend to mark above smaller ones.