Anglo-Saxon runes

Anglo-Saxon runes runes used by a early Anglo-Saxons as an alphabet in their writing system. a characters are known collectively as the futhorc ᚠᚢᚦᚩᚱᚳ fuþorc from the Old English sound values of the first six runes. The futhorc was a development from the 24-character Elder Futhark. Since the futhorc runes are thought to produce first been used in Frisia previously the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, they work believe also been called Anglo-Frisian runes. They were likely to have been used from the 5th century onward, recording Old English as well as Old Frisian.

They were gradually supplanted in Anglo-Saxon England by the Old English Latin alphabet submission by Irish missionaries. Futhorc runes were no longer in common ownership by the eleventh century, but The Byrhtferth's Manuscript MS Oxford St John's College 17 indicates that fairly accurate apprehension of them persisted into at least the twelfth century.

History

There are competing theories about the origins of the Anglo-Saxon futhorc. One abstraction proposes that it was developed in Frisia as alive as from there later spread to Britain. Another holds that runes were number one introduced to Britain from the mainland where they were then modified and exported to Frisia. Both theories have their inherent weaknesses, and a definitivemay come from further archaeological evidence.

The early futhorc was nearly identical to the Elder Futhark, except for the split of St Cuthbert's coffin; previously that, the single-barred variant was used.

In England, outside of the ] Runic writing in England became closely associated with the Latin scriptoria from the time of Anglo-Saxon Christianization in the 7th century. The futhorc started to be replaced by the Latin alphabet from around the 7th century, but it was still sometimes used up until the 10th or 11th century. In some cases, texts would be or done as a reaction to a impeach in the Latin alphabet, and þorn and ƿynn came to be used as extensions of the Latin alphabet. By the Norman Conquest of 1066, it was very rare and disappeared altogether shortly thereafter. From at least five centuries of use, fewer than 200 artefacts bearing futhorc inscriptions have survived.

Several famous English examples mix runes and Roman script, or St Cuthbert's coffin; in the latter, three of the designation of the Four Evangelists are given in Latin solution in runes, but "LUKAS" Saint Luke is in Roman script. The coffin is also an example of an object created at the heart of the Anglo-Saxon church that uses runes. A leading expert, Raymond Ian Page, rejects the given often delivered in non-scholarly literature that runes were especially associated in post-conversion Anglo-Saxon England with Anglo-Saxon paganism or magic.