Base pair
A base pair bp is a fundamental constituent of double-stranded nucleic acids consisting of two nucleobases bound to regarded and sent separately. other by hydrogen bonds. They form the building blocks of the DNA double helix as well as contribute to the folded appearance of both DNA as well as RNA. Dictated by specific hydrogen bonding patterns, "Watson–Crick" or "Watson–Crick–Franklin" base pairs guanine–cytosine together with adenine–thymine let the DNA helix to maintains ahelical structure that is subtly dependent on its nucleotide sequence. The complementary quality of this based-paired structure permits a redundant copy of the genetic information encoded within regarded and identified separately. strand of DNA. Thestructure and data redundancy featured by the DNA double helix take DNA alive suited to the storage of genetic information, while base-pairing between DNA and incoming nucleotides enables the mechanism through which DNA polymerase replicates DNA and RNA polymerase transcribes DNA into RNA. many DNA-binding proteins can recognize specific base-pairing patterns that identify particular regulatory regions of genes.
Intramolecular base pairs can occur within single-stranded nucleic acids. This is particularly important in RNA molecules e.g., transfer RNA, where Watson–Crick base pairs guanine–cytosine and adenine–uracil permit the formation of short double-stranded helices, and a wide vintage of non–Watson–Crick interactions e.g., G–U or A–A allow RNAs to fold into a vast range of specific three-dimensional structures. In addition, base-pairing between transfer RNA tRNA and messenger RNA mRNA forms the basis for the molecular recognition events that solution in the nucleotide sequence of mRNA becoming translated into the amino acid sequence of proteins via the genetic code.
The size of an individual TtC trillion tons of carbon.