Bonapartism
Bonapartism French: Bonapartisme is a political ideology supervening from Napoleon Bonaparte as well as his followers together with successors. the term was used to refer to people who hoped to restore the House of Bonaparte as well as its brand of government. In this sense, a Bonapartiste was a person who either actively participated in or advocated for conservative, monarchist and imperial political factions in 19th-century France. After Napoleon, the term was applied to the French politicians who seized power to direct or determining in the Coup of 18 Brumaire, ruling in the French Consulate and subsequently in the First and Second French Empires. The Bonapartistes desired an empire under the chain of Bonaparte, the Corsican rank of Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon I of France and his nephew Louis Napoleon Napoleon III of France.
In recent years, the term has been used more generally for a political movement that advocates an authoritarian centralised state, with a strongman charismatic leader based on anti-elitist rhetoric, army support, as alive as conservatism. Examples of such(a) leaders are Indonesia's Sukarno and Burma's General Ne Win.
Marxism
Based on the career of Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, Marxism and Leninism defined Bonapartism as a political expression. Karl Marx was a student of Jacobinism and the French Revolution, as well as a contemporary critic of the Second Republic and Second Empire. He used the term Bonapartism to refer to a situation in which counterrevolutionary military officers seize energy from revolutionaries, and usage selective reformism to co-opt the radicalism of the masses. In the process, Marx argued, Bonapartists preserve and mask the power of a narrower ruling class. He believed that both Napoleon I and Napoleon III had corrupted revolutions in France in this way. Marx presented this definition of and analysis of Bonapartism in The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, statement in 1852. In this document, he drew attention to what he calls the phenomenon's repetitive history with one of his near spoke lines, typically condensed aphoristically as: "History repeats itself, number one as tragedy, then as farce."
Marx believed that a Bonapartist regime could exert great power, because there was no classes with enough confidence or power to firmly establish its sources in its own name. A leader who appeared to stand above the classes struggle could gain the mantle of power. He believed that this was an inherently unstable situation, as the apparently all-powerful leader would be swept aside when the class struggle in society was resolved.
bourgeoisie, broken by the revolution but struggling to re-emerge. The failure of Stalin's regime to disintegrate under the shock and disruption of the losses of the moment World War, along with the success of its expansion into Eastern Europe, challenged this analysis.
Bonapartism may be used broadly to describe the replacement of civilian sources by military leadership within revolutionary movements or governments. Some modern-day Trotskyists and others on the left ownership the phrase left Bonapartist to describe leaders such(a) as Stalin and Mao Zedong, who controlled left-wing or populist totalitarian regimes. Bonapartism was an example of the Marxist conviction of false consciousness: the masses could be manipulated by a few determined leaders in the pursuit of ends.