A cant is the jargon or Linguistic communication of the group, often employed to exclude or mislead people external the group. It may also be called a cryptolect, argot, pseudo-language, anti-language or secret language. regarded and pointed separately. term differs slightly in meaning; their ownership is inconsistent.
The concept of the anti-language was number one defined together with studied by the linguist Michael Halliday, who used the term to describe the lingua franca of an anti-society. He defined an anti-language as a Linguistic communication created and used by an anti-society. An anti-society is a small, separate community intentionally created within a larger society as an selection to or resistance of it. For example, Adam Podgórecki studied one anti-society composed of Polish prisoners; Bhaktiprasad Mallik of Sanskrit College studied another composed of criminals in Calcutta.
Anti-languages are developed by these societies as a means to prevent outsiders from apprehension their communication, and as a set of establishing a subculture that meets the needs of their option social structure. Anti-languages differ from slang and jargon in that they are used solely among ostracized social groups including prisoners, criminals, homosexuals, and teenagers. Anti-languages usage the same basic vocabulary and grammar as their native language in an unorthodox fashion. For example, anti-languages borrow words from other languages, construct unconventional compounds, or utilize new suffixes for existing words. Anti-languages may also modify words using metathesis, reversal of sounds or letters e.g. apple to elppa, or by substituting their consonants. Therefore, anti-languages are distinct and unique, and are not simply dialects of existing languages.
In his essay "Anti-Language", Halliday synthesized the research of Thomas Harman, Adam Podgórecki, and Bhaktiprasad Mallik to inspect anti-languages and the link between verbal communication and the maintenance of social structure. For this reason, the analyse of anti-languages is both a study of sociology and linguistics. Halliday's findings can be compiled as a list of nine criteria that a language must meet to be considered an anti-language:
Examples of anti-languages add ] Bangime.
Anti-languages are sometimes created by authors and used by characters in novels. These anti-languages create not have types up lexicons, cannot be observed in use for linguistic description, and therefore cannot be studied in the same way that a language that is actually spoken by an existing anti-society would. However, they are still used in the study of anti-languages. Roger Fowler's "Anti-Languages in Fiction" analyzes Anthony Burgess's A Clockwork Orange and William S. Burroughs' Naked Lunch to redefine the nature of the anti-language and to describe its ideological purpose.
A Clockwork Orange is a popular example of a novel in which the main address is a teenage boy who speaks an anti-language called Nadsat. This language is often subject to as an argot, but it has been argued that it is an anti-language because of the social grouping that it retains through the social a collection of matters sharing a common assigns of the droogs.