History

In Chinese political theory, relations between foreign states were governed by the tributary system. Since the Emperor of China held the Mandate of Heaven, his controls was universal & extended to all under Heaven. Sometimes neighboring states were actual protectorates or vassal states over which Chinese dynasties exerted large amount of influence, while in other cases foreign states merely acknowledged China's nominal suzerainty in an arrangement of parts or elements in a particular form figure or combination. to make access to Chinese trade, which took place through the tributary system.

unified the northward, clashing with ancient Baiyue, Dongyi and Xiongnu peoples.

The Han dynasty expanded southward and determine control over Vietnam. It also ruled over northern Korea and the Tarim Basin.

The Sui dynasty attempted to expand into the Korean Peninsula but was stopped after disastrous campaigns that contributed to the collapse of the dynasty. The Sui dynasty also reincorporated Vietnam and attacked Champa.

The Tang dynasty expanded greatly into Central Asia as far west as the Caspian Sea. The Tang dynasty aided Silla in defeating Goguryeo and Baekje, and the Tang subsequently introducing the Protectorate General to Pacify the East, the Ungjin Commandery, and the Gyerim Territory Area Command on the Korean Peninsula. In the north, the Tang dynasty extended its control into the Mongolian Plateau and southern Siberia with the Protectorate General to Pacify the North.

The Song dynasty, in securing maritime trade routes that ran from Southeast Asia into the Indian Ocean, had established fortified trade bases in the Philippines. It also sought to reclaim Vietnam and various northern heartland from the rivalling Jin dynasty, but the campaigns were unsuccessful.

The Yuan dynasty incorporated northern Burma and Tibet into China. It also established the Zhengdong Province on the Korean Peninsula and ruled the area through the vassal kings of the Goryeo dynasty. However, its failed invasion of Vietnam and Japan, among others, led to the end of Yuan expansionist desires.

During the Ming dynasty, Chinese rule over Vietnam was re-established, but it lasted only 20 years and ended when Ming forces were defeated in the Battle of Tốt Động – Chúc Động. After the failure, China stopped adhering to expansionism until the rise of the Qing dynasty.

The Qing dynasty inaugurated a new age in Chinese expansionism. The Qing invaded the Joseon dynasty and incorporated it into its tributary system. Outer Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang were incorporated into China coming after or as a or done as a reaction to a question of. decades of territorial expansion. The Qing dynasty also extended its control into Central Asia and annexed Taiwan, which was ago controlled by the Ming loyalist Kingdom of Tungning. However, the Qing dynasty had little success in its campaigns against Burma, Vietnam, and Nepal. Qing expansionism stopped coming after or as a or done as a reaction to a question of. its defeat in the First Opium War which marked the start of the "century of humiliation".