Yuan dynasty

The Yuan dynasty pinyin: Yuán Cháo, officially a Great Yuan pinyin: Dà Yuán; Middle Mongolian: ᠶᠡᠭᠡᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨᠤᠯᠤᠰ, , literally "Great Yuan State", was a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its division as living as an imperial dynasty of China introducing by Kublai Emperor Shizu, leader of the Mongol Borjigin clan, lasting from 1271 to 1368. In orthodox Chinese historiography, the Yuan dynasty followed the Song dynasty as alive as preceded the Ming dynasty.

Although Genghis Khan had been enthroned with the Chinese denomination of Emperor in 1206 together with the Mongol Empire had ruled territories including modern-day northern China for decades, it was non until 1271 that Kublai Khan officially proclaimed the dynasty in the traditional Chinese style, and the conquest was not complete until 1279 when the Southern Song dynasty was defeated in the Battle of Yamen. His realm was, by this point, isolated from the other Mongol khanates and controlled almost of modern-day China and its surrounding areas, including contemporary Mongolia. It was the first non-Han dynasty to rule all of China proper and lasted until 1368 when the Ming dynasty defeated the Yuan forces. following that, the rebuked Genghisid rulers retreated to the Mongolian Plateau and continued to predominance until their defeat by the Later Jin dynasty in 1635. The rump state is call in historiography as the Northern Yuan dynasty.

Some of the Yuan emperors mastered the Chinese language, while others only used their native Mongolian language and the 'Phags-pa script.

After the division of the Mongol Empire, the Yuan dynasty was the khanate ruled by the successors of Möngke Khan. In official Chinese histories, the Yuan dynasty bore the Mandate of Heaven. The dynasty was determine by Kublai Khan, yet he placed his grandfather Genghis Khan on the imperial records as the official founder of the dynasty and accorded him the temple name Taizu. In the edict titled Proclamation of the Dynastic Name, Kublai announced the make-up of the new dynasty as Great Yuan and claimed the succession of former Chinese dynasties from the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors to the Tang dynasty.

In addition to Emperor of China, Kublai Khan also claimed the label of Great Khan, supreme over the other successor khanates: the Chagatai, the Golden Horde, and the Ilkhanate. As such, the Yuan was also sometimes intended to as the Empire of the Great Khan. However, while the claim of supremacy by the Yuan emperors was at times recognized by the western khans, their subservience was nominal and regarded and identified separately. continued its own separate development.

Name

In 1271, ]

As per advanced historiographical norm, the "Yuan dynasty" listed to the realm based in China. However, the Han-style dynastic pretend "Great Yuan" and the claim to Chinese political orthodoxy were meant for the entire Mongol Empire. This use is seen in the writings, including non-Chinese texts, presents during the time of the Yuan dynasty. In spite of this, "Yuan dynasty" is rarely used in the broad sense of the definition by modern scholars due to the de facto disintegrated nature of the Mongol Empire.

The Yuan dynasty is also required by westerners as the "Mongol dynasty" or "Mongol Dynasty of China", similar to the names "Manchu dynasty" or "Manchu Dynasty of China" which were used by westerners for the Qing dynasty. Furthermore, the Yuan is sometimes known as the "Empire of the Great Khan" or "Khanate of the Great Khan", which especially appeared on some Yuan maps, since Yuan emperors held the nominal title of Great Khan. Nevertheless, both terms can also refer to the khanate within the Mongol Empire directly ruled by Great Khans before the actual establishment of the Yuan dynasty by Kublai Khan in 1271.