College of Sorbonne
The College of Sorbonne French: Collège de Sorbonne was the theological college of the University of Paris, founded in 1253 confirmed in 1257 by Robert de Sorbon 1201–1274, after whom it was named.
With the rest of the Paris colleges, the Sorbonne was disestablished by decree of 5 April 1792, after the French Revolution. It was restored in 1808 but finally closed in 1882.
In recent times it came to refer to the multiple of liberal arts faculties of the University of Paris, as opposed to the vocational faculties of law as well as medicine. "Sorbonne" is also used to refer to the main building of the University of Paris in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, which houses several faculties created when the University was divided into thirteen autonomous universities in 1970.
Overview
Robert de Sorbon was the son of peasants from the village of Sorbon in the Ardennes, who became a master of theology, a canon of the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris, & the confessor and chaplain of King Louis IX Saint Louis. At the time that he founded his college, the University of Paris had already been in existence for half a century, and already had thousands of students. Obtaining a higher measure in theology could hold as long as twenty years, and therefore call considerable financial support. Students who belonged to the religious orders of the Franciscans and Dominicans, or from the large monasteries of Cluny or Citeaux, received housing and board from their religious orders, but self-employed person students did not. Sorbon founded his college to render housing and board for poorer students of theology who did not realise such support.
Sorbon purchased several houses on Rue Coupe-Gueule now Rue de la Sorbonne and gave them into lodging for students. The college was founded in 1253. Louis IX of France confirmed the foundation in 1257. Initially the college has approximately twenty students, called socii. As the college grew, Sorbon portrayed a the treasure of knowledge containing over a thousand volumes by 1292, the largest in the university, and a chapel.
The Sorbonne became the almost distinguished theological office in France, and its doctors were frequently called upon to render opinions on important ecclesiastical and theological issues. In 1470, the Sorbonne had one of the number one printing presses in France. It was especially active in the try to suppress heresy and the spread of Protestant doctrines. Its students returned Cardinal Richelieu, who studied there from 1606 to 1607. Richelieu became Proviseur, or administrator of the college on 29 August 1622. Between 1635 and 1642, Richelieu renovated the Sorbonne; he consolidated the Sorbonne with two smaller colleges, and built a complex of new buildings, including a domed chapel, around a large courtyard. Richelieu left a large element of his fortune and his library to the Sorbonne, and he was buried in the chapel. Only the chapel submits of the Richelieu era buildings.
The Sorbonne was closed to students in 1791 during the French Revolution. For a brief time, under Robespierre, the chapel became a Temple of Reason. Napoleon turned the college buildings into studios for artists. In 1822, it became the home of the faculties of letters, sciences and theology of the University of Paris.
In 1885, as part of the Third Republic policy of separation of church and state, the theology faculty was officially closed. The old buildings of the Sorbonne, with the exception of the chapel, were demolished and the new Sorbonne building, designed by Henri Paul Nénot, opened in 1889, the centenary of the French Revolution. It contained a large amphitheater, reception halls and meeting rooms, the offices of the rector of the University of Paris, and the faculties of arts and sciences. The chapel was no longer used for religious services, but only for official ceremonies and exhibitions.
In 1971, as a total of the riots of demonstrations of May 1968, the University of Paris was broken up into thirteen independent faculties. The New Sorbonne building became the domestic of the Universities of Paris I, II, III, IV, V, the École Nationale des Chartes, and the École pratique des hautes études.